Guidance on vaccination of <scp>HIV</scp>‐infected children in <scp>E</scp>urope

Menson, EN; Mellado, MJ; Bamford, Alasdair; Castelli, Guido; Duiculescu, Dan; Marczyńska, Magdalena; Navarro, Ma Luisa; Scherpbier, HJ; Heath, PT

doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00982.x

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The modulation of such antibodies after challenging the immune system with vaccination has never been investigated. While the need and effectiveness of flu vaccination in HC is still debated [16], seasonal flu vaccination is recommended for HIV-1-infected individuals [17] and for patients with other immune disorders featuring loss of protective immunity, such as patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy following solid organ transplantation [18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature ageing of the immune system relates to increased anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALA) after an immunization in HIV-1-infected and kidney-transplanted patients

Cagigi

Rinaldi

Santilli

et al. 2013

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryLow-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)G with potential autoreactivity to lymphocytes and hypergammaglobulinaemia have been described previously in HIV-1-infected patients. Whether such antibodies increase after challenging the immune system, for example with an immunization, is not known. In the present study, the modulation of antibodies with low affinity and potential autoreactivity was evaluated after

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature ageing of the immune system relates to increased anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALA) after an immunization in HIV-1-infected and kidney-transplanted patients

Cagigi

Rinaldi

Santilli

et al. 2013

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…A full vaccine history should be taken and if necessary serology performed to confirm immunity and to aid in decision making around catch‐up and boosting 21. Local BCG practices for babies of HIV‐infected mothers should be followed.…”

Section: Diagnosis Baseline Investigations and Pretreatment Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccination for hepatitis A and B of seronegative children should be recommended if a child is found to be seronegative and levels of HBV antibody should be assessed regularly and booster vaccinations or repeated courses given as required 21. Annual screening for HCV is recommended in adolescence and adults in case risk factors exist such as use of recreational drugs and/or sexual exposure.…”

Section: Coinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV‐1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life

et al. 2015

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The 2015 Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines provide practical recommendations on the management of HIV‐1 infection in children in Europe and are an update to those published in 2009. Aims of treatment have progressed significantly over the last decade, moving far beyond limitation of short‐term morbidity and mortality to optimizing health status for adult life and minimizing the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune system development and health in general. Additionally, there is a greater need for increased awareness and minimization of long‐term drug toxicity. The main updates to the previous guidelines include: an increase in the number of indications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) at all ages (higher CD4 thresholds for consideration of ART initiation and additional clinical indications), revised guidance on first‐ and second‐line ART recommendations, including more recently available drug classes, expanded guidance on management of coinfections (including tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C) and additional emphasis on the needs of adolescents as they approach transition to adult services. There is a new section on the current ART ‘pipeline’ of drug development, a comprehensive summary table of currently recommended ART with dosing recommendations. Differences between PENTA and current US and World Health Organization guidelines are highlighted and explained.

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“…Increased rates of all-cause pneumonia have been demonstrated among HIV-infected PPV23 recipients in Uganda compared to unvaccinated patients (78). Although the clinical significance of hyporesponsiveness in high-risk individuals is not yet clarified, taking such concerns into account, updated Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines do not recommend PPV23 for use in HIV-infected children (79).…”

Section: Immunological Hyporesponsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Individuals: Are We Doing It Right?

Papadatou

Spoulou

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Controversy exists regarding the optimal use of the 23-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the protection of high-risk individuals, such as children and adults with immunocompromising conditions and the elderly. The effectiveness and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) are limited in such high-risk populations compared to the healthy, with meta-analyses failing to provide robust evidence on vaccine efficacy against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) or pneumonia. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a PPV23-induced state of immune tolerance or hyporesponsiveness to subsequent vaccination, where the response to revaccination does not reach the levels achieved with primary vaccination. The clinical significance of hyporesponsiveness is not yet clarified, but attenuated humoral and cellular response could lead to reduced levels of protection and increased susceptibility to pneumococcal disease. As disease epidemiology among high-risk groups shows that we are still in need of maximum serotype coverage, the optimal use of PPV23 in the context of combined conjugate/polysaccharide vaccine schedules is an important priority. In this minireview, we discuss PPV23-induced hyporesponsiveness and its implications in designing highly effective vaccination schedules for the optimal protection for high-risk individuals. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major cause of life-threatening invasive infections accounting for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide (1). Children and adults with certain medical conditions as well as the elderly are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia, with disease rates up to 20 times higher than those in the general population (2). High-risk groups consist of children and adults with chronic diseases and with primary and secondary immune deficiencies and of persons with functional or anatomical asplenia. Persons older than 65 years of age are also at increased risk for pneumococcal infection, due to attenuation of their immune response caused by advancing age, a phenomenon called immunosenescence (3). The number of patients in need for protection against IPD is continually increasing due to rising numbers of people with chronic disease or HIV infection and an aging population in many high-income countries.Pneumococcal disease is usually more severe in such high-risk individuals than in immunocompetent subjects (4-6). While antibiotic resistance represents an additional hurdle for the successful treatment of pneumococcal infections (7, 8), optimal protection of such "high-risk" groups against S. pneumoniae infection through vaccination continues to be an important priority.For more than 2 decades, a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) has been recommended for the protection of immunocompromised individuals and the elderly against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia (9).The licensure of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) was based on trials of a 6-valent ...

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Guidance on vaccination of HIV‐infected children in Europe

Cited by 52 publications

References 80 publications

Premature ageing of the immune system relates to increased anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALA) after an immunization in HIV-1-infected and kidney-transplanted patients

Premature ageing of the immune system relates to increased anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALA) after an immunization in HIV-1-infected and kidney-transplanted patients

Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV‐1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life

Pneumococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Individuals: Are We Doing It Right?

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