Guidance of locomotion on foot uses perceived target location rather than optic flow

Rushton, Simon K.; Harris, Julie M.; Lloyd, Maugan R.; Wann, John P.

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(07)00492-7

Cited by 221 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Rushton et al (1998) proposed that for walking a linear path, VD is the primary cue, whereas Wood et al (2000) and Warren et al (2001) have proposed that there is a combinatory system. We revisited this issue with a curved steering task taken from Experiment 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling steering and judging heading: Retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information.

Wilkie

Wann

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

111

138

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The contribution of retinal flow (RF), extra retinal (ER), and egocentric visual direction (VD) information in locomotor control was explored. First, the recovery of heading from RF was examined when ER information was manipulated; results confirmed that ER signals affect heading judgments.Then the task was translated to steering curved paths and the availability and veracity of VD was manipulated with either degraded or systematically biased RF. Large steering errors resulted from selective manipulation of RF and VD, providing strong evidence for the combination of RF, ER, and VD. The relative weighting applied to RF and VD was estimated. A point-attractor model is proposed that combines redundant sources of information for robust locomotor control with flexible trajectory planning through active gaze.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tested the relative weighting that participants ascribed to RF or a strong VD cue and extends the debate of Rushton et al (1998) and Warren et al (2001) to the task of curvilinear steering.…”

Section: Experiments and Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling steering and judging heading: Retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information.

Wilkie

Wann

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

111

138

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“…It has long been thought that navigation and orientation were mainly subserved by visual ego-motion perception. In particular, the direction of heading -where we are going -was supposed to be retrieved from the optic flow (Gibson, 1950;Koenderink, 1986;Lappe, Bremmer et al, 1999) and/or from other visual sources of information (Rushton, Harris et al, 1998). A renewed interest in the role and function of other sensory modalities in the perception of ego-motion, orientation and navigation -often in relation to virtual reality -is supplying evidence that the visual system is less dominant than thought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuo-vestibular interaction in the reconstruction of travelled trajectories

Bertin

Berthoz

2004

Experimental Brain Research

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We recently published a study of the reconstruction of passively travelled trajectories from optic flow. Perception was prone to illusions in a number of conditions, and not always veridical in the others. Part of the illusionary reconstructed trajectories could be explained by assuming that subjects base their reconstruction on the ego-motion percept built during the stimulus' initial moments. In the current paper, we test this hypothesis using a novel paradigm: if the final reconstruction is governed by the initial percept, providing additional, extra-retinal information that modifies the initial percept should predictably alter the final reconstruction. The extra-retinal stimulus was tuned to supplement the information that was under-represented or ambiguous in the optic flow: the subjects were physically displaced or rotated at the onset of the visual stimulus. A highly asymmetric velocity profile (high acceleration, very low deceleration) was used.Subjects were required to guide an input device (in the form of a model vehicle; we measured position and orientation) along the perceived trajectory. We show for the first time that a vestibular stimulus of short duration can influence the perception of a much longer lasting visual stimulus. Perception of the ego-motion translation component in the visual stimulus was improved by a linear physical displacement: perception of the ego-motion rotation component by a physical rotation. This led to a more veridical reconstruction in some conditions, but to a less veridical reconstruction in other conditions.

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“…However, regarding the control of the direction of movement in natural environments (i.e. walking), there is still disagreement over whether the structure of the flow [8,9] or the visual EGOCENTRIC DIRECTION per se [10,11] is the dominant source of information. It is not clear either whether the same strategies used for natural locomotion apply to driving situations where displacements occur at higher velocities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating perception in driving simulation experiments

Kemeny

Panerai

2003

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

273

147

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The use of driving simulation for vehicle design and driver perception studies is expanding rapidly. This is largely because simulation saves engineering time and costs, and can be used for studies of road and traffic safety. How applicable driving simulation is to the real world is unclear however, because analyses of perceptual criteria carried out in driving simulation experiments are controversial. On the one hand, recent data suggest that, in driving simulators with a large field of view, longitudinal speed can be estimated correctly from visual information. On the other hand, recent psychophysical studies have revealed an unexpectedly important contribution of vestibular cues in distance perception and steering, prompting a re-evaluation of the role of visuo-vestibular interaction in driving simulation studies.Vehicle driving implies perception and control of selfmotion at a greater range of velocities than locomotion by walking. It is often considered to be a task dominated by visual information. However, it is well-established that other sensory information, such as that provided by the vestibular and PROPRIOCEPTIVE (see Glossary) channels, also contributes to the perception and control of selfmotion. Motivated by a recent renewed interest in the role and function of these non-visual sensory modalities, we aim in this review to re-evaluate the role of visuovestibular interactions in driving simulation experiments, and to assess how applicable driving simulation is to the real world for studies of vehicle dynamics or driver behaviour.In 1938 Gibson [1] proposed a psychophysical theory of perception for automobile-driving, defining a 'terrain of field of space' for the driver, with the car considered as a tool of locomotion and the driver aiming to drive in the middle of a 'field of safe travel'. In 1950 he described the visual perception of space [2] based on visual depth, distance or orientation stimulus variables. OPTIC FLOW, one of the most important visual cues he proposed, is defined as the visual motion experienced as a result of walking or driving, and it is thought to play a dominant role in the control of heading [3] and collision detection [4 -7]. However, regarding the control of the direction of movement in natural environments (i.e. walking), there is still disagreement over whether the structure of the flow [8,9] or the visual EGOCENTRIC DIRECTION per se [10,11] is the dominant source of information. It is not clear either whether the same strategies used for natural locomotion apply to driving situations where displacements occur at higher velocities. Interestingly, a new point of view on these controversial issues was recently provided by experiments performed in driving simulators [12]. However, Gibson's original theory also included a definition of the perceptual field of the car itself, bringing to the driver kinaesthetic and tactile cues. These ideas were applied to driving simulation from the early 1980s [13][14][15], and since then many simulator experiments have been carried out for...

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Guidance of locomotion on foot uses perceived target location rather than optic flow

Cited by 221 publications

References 17 publications

Controlling steering and judging heading: Retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information.

Controlling steering and judging heading: Retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information.

Visuo-vestibular interaction in the reconstruction of travelled trajectories

Evaluating perception in driving simulation experiments

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