Growth, tolerance, and DHA and ARA status of healthy term infants receiving formula with two different ARA concentrations: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Hoffman, Dennis R.; Harris, Cheryl L.; Wampler, Jennifer L.; Patterson, Ashley C.; Berseth, Carol Lynn

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.007

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…At all study visits parents completed a 24-h recall of tolerance (fussiness and gassiness) and stool characteristics (frequency and consistency); study formula intake (fluid oz./day) was reported beginning at the 30 days of age visit. We have previously characterized tolerance using the same reporting scales [17,18,19,20,21]Although parental recall may vary among individuals, participant randomization ensures balance between study groups. Responses were scaled for amount of gas (none = 0, slight amount = 1, moderate amount = 2, excessive amount = 3); fussiness (not fussy = 0, slightly fussy = 1, moderately fussy = 2, very fussy = 3, extremely fussy = 4); and stool consistency (hard = 1, formed = 2, soft = 3, unformed or seedy, watery = 4).…”

Section: Study Objectives and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and tolerance of healthy, term infants fed lower protein extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Adams

Johnston²,

Deulofeut³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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Background Optimal protein level in hypoallergenic infant formulas is an area of ongoing investigation. The aim was to evaluate growth of healthy term infants who received extensively hydrolyzed (EH) or amino acid (AA)-based formulas with reduced protein. Methods In this prospective, multi-center, double-blind, controlled, parallel group study, infants were randomized to receive a marketed EH casein infant formula at 2.8 g protein/100 kcal (Control) or one of two investigational formulas: EH casein formula at 2.4 g protein/100 kcal (EHF) or AA-based formula at 2.4 g total protein equivalents/100 kcal (AAF). Control and EHF each had 2 × 107 CFU Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG/100 kcal. Anthropometrics were measured and recall of formula intake, tolerance, and stool characteristics was collected at 14, 30, 60, 90, 120 days of age. Primary outcome was weight growth rate (g/day) between 14 and 120 days of age (analyzed by ANOVA). Medically confirmed adverse events were recorded throughout the study. Results No group differences in weight or length growth rate from 14 to 120 days were detected. With the exception of significant differences at several study time points for males, no group differences were detected in mean head circumference growth rates. However, mean achieved weight, length, and head circumference demonstrated normal growth throughout the study period. No group differences in achieved weight or length (males and females) and head circumference (females) were detected and means were within the WHO growth 25th and 75th percentiles from 14 to 120 days of age. With the exception of Day 90, there were no statistically significant group differences in achieved head circumference for males; means remained between the WHO 50th and 75th percentiles for growth at Days 14, 30, and 60 and continued along the 75th percentile through Day 120. No differences in study discontinuation due to formula were detected. The number of participants for whom at least one adverse event was reported was similar among groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated hypoallergenic infant formulas at 2.4 g protein/100 kcal were safe, well-tolerated, and associated with appropriate growth in healthy term infants from 14 to 120 days of age. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01354366. Registered 13 May 2011.

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Section: Study Objectives and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and tolerance of healthy, term infants fed lower protein extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Adams

Johnston²,

Deulofeut³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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“…Fish oil containing 80% DHA might be a protecting mechanism,due to the general improvement of antioxidant defense observed in those rats [44]. Values of 34 or 25 mg/100 kcal for ARA and 17 mg/100 kcal for DHA (D-HA/ARA ratio (0.68) have been recommended for nervous system development in infants [45] As clinical evidence suggests that an ARA/DHA ratio greater than 1/1 is associat-ed with improved cognitive outcomes [46]. Additionally, a higher ARA/DHA ratio induces greater ROS effects [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

Journal of Neurophysiology and Neurological Disorders

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Lipid peroxidation contributes to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PU-FAs) undergo lipid peroxidation, and conversion to malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA reacts with acetaldehyde to form malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL). MDA-LDL is known as a marker of lipid peroxidation.However, the association between PUFAs and MDA-LDL in the pathophysiology of ASD is unclear. We studied this association in 18 young individuals with ASD and 8 age-and sex-matched normal healthy controls. Social behaviors were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). To overcome the small sample size, three measures were conducted: firstly, adaptive Lasso was used to enhance the accuracy of interpretability; second, the coefficient of variation was estimated for appropriate variable selection; and finally, appropriate variables were selected. Plasma MDA levels and DHA/omega 6 PUFA arachidonic acid ratio were significantly higher, whereas plasma levels of superoxide dismutase were significantly lower in the ASD group than in the control group. The total SRS scores in the ASD group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Multiple linear regression analysis and the adaptive Lasso revealed association of increased plasma DHA/ARA ratio with the SRS total scores and increased plasma MDA-LDL levels. These associations between plasma DHA/ARA ratio and increased plasma MDA-LDL levels contributed to autistic social behaviors.

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“…It is important to note that data from the present study cannot be attributed to a single specific component of infant formulas (enriched or not), but as a whole product designed to meet infant nutritional needs; moreover, there is likely a synergy among the different bioactive components, which could be associated with bioavailability and biological utilisation of nutrients. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the effect of DHA and arachidonic acid enriched formula on growth and adiposity (30,71,72) , or synbiotic supplementation on infants growth (23,30,73,74) . Effects on immune system and on microbiota structure and function have been described; these may be factors influencing children growth as well (23,73,74) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth patterns and breast milk/infant formula energetic efficiency in healthy infants up to 18 months of life: the COGNIS study

et al. 2021

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Type of feeding during early life influences growth trajectory and metabolic risk at later stage of life. Modifications in infant formulas composition have led to evaluation of their effects on growth and energetic efficiency (EE) compared to breastfeeding. Aim: To analyse type of feeding potential effects during first months of life, plus its EE, on growth patterns in healthy formula fed [standard (SF) vs. enriched (EF)] and breastfed infants (BF) participating in the COGNIS RCT up to 18 months of age. Methods: Infants follow-up to 18 months of age (n=141) fed with a SF (n=48), a bioactive nutrients-enriched infant formula (EF, n=56), or BF (n=37), were assessed for growth parameters using WHO standards. Growth velocity and catch-up were calculated to identify growth patterns. EE of breast milk/infant formula was also estimated. Results: Infants’ growth at 6 months showed higher length and lower HC gains in SF and EF infants than BF infants. Both Weight-for-length and Weight-for-age catch-up growth, showed significant differences in formula fed groups compared to BF. No significant differences in growth velocity or catch-up were found at 6-12 and 12-18 months. Regarding EE, infant formula groups showed significantly lower weight and length gains/gram of milk-protein, and higher weight and length gains/gram of milk-lipids, than BF infants. Conclusion: Growth velocity during first 6 months, which may be influenced by feeding, seems to be the main predictor of subsequent growth trajectory. Breastfeeding may have positive effects on growth programming due to the EE of its nutrients.

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Growth, tolerance, and DHA and ARA status of healthy term infants receiving formula with two different ARA concentrations: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Growth and tolerance of healthy, term infants fed lower protein extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Growth and tolerance of healthy, term infants fed lower protein extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

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Growth patterns and breast milk/infant formula energetic efficiency in healthy infants up to 18 months of life: the COGNIS study

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