Growth, tissue deposition and metabolism studies in growing pigs given low glucosinolate rapeseed meal diets containing different amounts of copper and polyethylene glycol

Abstract

In three factorial growth experiments and a metabolism experiment pigs of approximately 25 kg initial live weight were given on a restricted scale of feeding simple diets, based on barley, a vitamin and mineral supplement and either soya-bean meal (SBM) or a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (cv. Tower; TRSM). Variations in these two basic diets were produced by adding different quantities of tannic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and copper (Cu).Diets based on soya-bean meal were used in the first experiment. There were no significant interactions. Tannic acid added at 3-75 and 7-50 g/kg air-dry matter was without significant effect on performance compared with no tannic acid addition, but PEG at 17 g/kg air-dry matter significantly improved growth rate compared with no PEG addition to the diet (P < 0-05). In the second experiment TRSM-based diets were used. There were no significant interactions and no significant effects on performance from adding 0, 8-5 and 17-0 g PEG/kg air-dry matter. Increasing Cu from 17 to 54mg/kg air-dry diet significantly improved growth rate (P < 0-05). In the third experiment TRSM and SBM based diets, of similar digestible energy (DE), crude protein and lysine content, and containing either 19 or 202 mg Cu/kg air-dry matter, were used. Pigs were slaughtered at 87-5 kg live weight and hand joints dissected. Pigs given the TRSM diet containing 19 mg Cu/kg grew significantly more slowly than pigs given the three other diets between which there were no significant differences. There were no other significant interactions and no significant differences between Cu concentrations for the growth, carcass and efficiency of conversion results. Compared with TRSM diets, SBM diets at similar slaughter weights gave significantly greater carcass weights, killingout proportions and backfat thicknesses. Also the efficiencies with which dietary protein and DE were used to promote units of carcass growth were significantly better for the SBM diets, but there were no significant differences in the estimated weights of lean in carcasses.In the metabolism experiments the effects of adding PEG to diets similar to those used in the growth experiments were examined. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen and the nitrogen retentions were significantly greater for the SBM diets than for the TRSM diets. The addition of PEG to the SBM and TRSM diets significantly decreased the apparent digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy, and significantly increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in the SBM diet but not in the TRSM diet.

Valorization of rapeseed meal. 4. Effects of iodine, copper and ferrous salt supplementation in growing rats

“…The considerable increase in rapeseed meal intake and in growth rate resulting from supplementation with both iodine and copper at a level of 315 mg/kg DM, agrees with the results of Ludke, Sch6ne and Hennig (1985) The favorable effects of copper may result from modifications or suppression of the gut microflora (Braude, 1965) &horbar; consequently, the production of toxic compounds from glucosinolates could be reduced (Rowan and Lawrence, 1986) &horbar; or from the formation of stable complexes with progoitrin, limiting the formation of goitrin (Cansfield and Campbell, 1980) which would explain its antigoitrogenic effects. In addition, Ludke, Sch6ne and Hennig (1985) showed in vitro that the addition of copper sulphate solutions to rapeseed meal reduced ITC and VTO formation, perhaps as a result of stable linkages with glucosinolates.…”

Use of polyethylene glycol to improve the utilisation of leguminous leaf meals in pigs: A review

“…The information on effects of PEG supplementation on the performance of pigs fed leaf mealcontaining diets is scarcely documented. Rowan & Lawrence (1986) studied growth, tissue deposition, and metabolism from growing pigs fed on rapeseed meal treated with different levels of PEG and copper, and they determined that PEG at 17 g/kg DM significantly improved growth rate. Savage et al (1980) reported the positive influence of micronization and polyethylene glycol on the nutritional value of brown sorghum for growing pigs.…”