Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna 7 years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation

Day, Susan D.; Harris, J. Roger

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2007.12.004

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Arnold et al (2005) suggested that in denser soil, planting the root collar deep may result in poor growth, possibly as a result of decreased soil moisture and/or oxygen content. The soil in the Arnold et al (2007) and Wells et al (2006) studies had higher clay contents than that in the Day and Harris (2008) study and our current study. Clay soils tend to have poor water movement, reduced oxygen content, and/or mechanical impedance of roots (Miller and Gardiner, 1998), and thus deep planting is more likely to be detrimental in clay soils than in the well-drained soils used in the Day and Harris (2008) study and our current study (77% sand).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The soil in the Arnold et al (2007) and Wells et al (2006) studies had higher clay contents than that in the Day and Harris (2008) study and our current study. Clay soils tend to have poor water movement, reduced oxygen content, and/or mechanical impedance of roots (Miller and Gardiner, 1998), and thus deep planting is more likely to be detrimental in clay soils than in the well-drained soils used in the Day and Harris (2008) study and our current study (77% sand). Growth of the lacebark elm used in this study was initially reduced by deep planting in container production when the containers were small (10.8 L).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…There are contrasting results reported in the literature indicating that results may be dependent on species, environmental conditions, and/or cultural practices. For example, Day and Harris (2008) reported that growth and establishment of Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazel) trees was not impaired after nearly 8 years by planting root collars 15 cm or 30 cm below grade compared with at grade in a well-drained Groseclose silt loam field soil. In contrast, Wells et al (2006) reported that when balledand-burlapped Yoshino cherry (Prunus ·yedoensis Matsum.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Planting Depth During Container Production and Landscape Establishment Affects Growth of Ulmus parvifolia

Bryan¹,

Arnold²,

Volder³

et al. 2010

horts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Planting depth during container production may influence plant growth, establishment, and subsequent landscape value. A lack of knowledge about the effects of common transplanting practices may lead to suboptimal performance of planted landscape trees. Planting depth, i.e., location of the root collar relative to soil grade, is of particular concern for posttransplant tree growth both when transplanted to larger containers during production and after transplanting into the landscape. It is unknown whether negative effects of poor planting practices are compounded during the production phases and affect subsequent landscape establishment. This study investigated effects of planting depth during two successive phases of container production (10.8 L and 36.6 L) and eventual landscape establishment using lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.). Tree growth was greater when planted at grade during the initial container (10.8 L) production phase and was reduced when planted 5 cm below grade. In the second container production phase (36.6 L), trees planted above grade had reduced growth compared with trees planted at grade or below grade. For landscape establishment, transplanting at grade to slightly below or above grade produced trees with greater height on average when compared with planting below grade or substantially above grade, whereas there was no effect on trunk diameter. Correlations between initial growth and final growth in the field suggested that substantial deviations of the original root to shoot transition from at-grade planting was more of a factor in initial establishment of lacebark elm than the up-canning practices associated with planting depth during container production.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Planting Depth During Container Production and Landscape Establishment Affects Growth of Ulmus parvifolia

Bryan¹,

Arnold²,

Volder³

et al. 2010

horts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although circling roots are generally considered a defect (even if they are not actively expanding), their effect on future health and stability of these trees can only be surmised. Girdling roots will likely impact general tree growth and health (Hudler and Beale, 1981) and trunk taper (Day and Harris, 2008), but a direct effect on tree stability has not been demonstrated (Kane, 2008). Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, deep roots of newly planted trees during container production may be exposed to waterlogged conditions because the lower sections of containers, especially short ones, are wetter than the corresponding depth of well-drained field soil (Fonteno, 1996;Spomer, 1980), potentially affecting growth by limiting oxygen diffusion to roots. Deep structural roots may also make trees more prone to the destructive effects of trunk-girdling roots (e.g., loss of stability) (Day and Harris, 2008;Wells et al, 2006). For a review of the causes and consequences of deep structural roots of trees, see Day et al (2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting Depth at Onset of Container Production and Subsequent Root Ball Remediation at Transplanting Affects Pin Oak and Littleleaf Linden

Harris¹,

Day²

2010

horts

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Root flares of landscape trees are increasingly found to be much deeper than their forest counterparts, indicating that their root systems have been situated deeper in the soil. Planting deeply in production containers contributes to this phenomenon, yet the consequences of deep planting in production containers or the consequences of any adjustments made to planting depth at the time of transplant on growth in the landscape have not been reported for many species. Container-grown (11.4 L) liners of Tilia cordata Mill. (littleleaf linden) and Quercus palustris Münchh. (pin oak) were planted in 50-L containers with the first main lateral roots (structural roots) at substrate-surface grade or 10 cm or 20 cm below grade (deep planting). Trees were grown in the 50-L containers for two growing seasons and in a simulated landscape for three additional seasons after transplanting with the top of the container substrate at soil level or with some roots and substrate removed such that the original structural roots were just below the soil surface (remediated). Deep planting pin oak, but not littleleaf linden, slowed growth during container production; however, the effect did not persist after transplanting. Remediation of the 20-cm-deep pin oaks slowed growth during all three post-transplant years. Littleleaf linden remediation slowed growth for the first season after transplanting to a simulated landscape for 10-cm-deep trees and for the first two seasons for 20-cm-deep trees. Evaluation of pin oak root systems 3 years after transplanting revealed vigorous growth of non-deflected adventitious roots that had formed on the trunks of deep trees, and these roots appeared to be developing into main structural roots. No adventitious roots were present on littleleaf linden; instead, deflected roots grew and produced deformed root systems. Deep planting of linden reduced suckering; however, we conclude that remediation of deep-planted littleleaf linden is warranted as a result of potential hazards from trunk-girdling roots. In some species such as pin oak, non-deflected, strong adventitious root systems may assume the role of structural roots and diminish the effect of deflected and circling roots systems formed during container production. Remediation of these trees is likely not as critical as for species without abundant adventitious roots.

show abstract

Grassland ecological restoration based on the relationship between vegetation and its below-ground habitat analysis in steppe coal mine area

Zhou

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna 7 years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Planting Depth During Container Production and Landscape Establishment Affects Growth of Ulmus parvifolia

Planting Depth During Container Production and Landscape Establishment Affects Growth of Ulmus parvifolia

Planting Depth at Onset of Container Production and Subsequent Root Ball Remediation at Transplanting Affects Pin Oak and Littleleaf Linden

Grassland ecological restoration based on the relationship between vegetation and its below-ground habitat analysis in steppe coal mine area

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About