Growth Stimulatory Effects and Genome-Wide Transcriptional Changes Produced by Protein Hydrolysates in Maize Seedlings

Santi, Chiara; Zamboni, Anita; Varanini, Zeno; Pandolfini, Tiziana

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00433

Cited by 64 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, biostimulant applications significantly increased or tended to increase finer root classes in these plant species, providing direct evidence that biostimulant stimulates proliferation of lateral roots in cuttings. This is in agreement with a recent study in maize seedlings, in which protein hydrolysates increased length and surface area of lateral roots by about 7 and 1.5 times compared to inorganic nitrogen and free amino acids, respectively [48]. Fine roots are considered to be the most permeable part of a root system and play the key role in the acquisition of water and nutrients and root adaptation to extreme environments, particularly in herbaceous plants [49] and such developmental changes may confer significant advantages on long-term plant growth and survival, particularly under suboptimal water and nutrient conditions.…”

Section: Biostimulant Promotes Adventitious Rooting Responses Of Stemsupporting

confidence: 94%

Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Enhances Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings of Basil, Tomato, and Chrysanthemum via Brassinosteroid-Mediated Processes

Kim

Choi

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Plant-derived protein biostimulants exhibit hormone-like activities promoting plant growth and yield, yet detailed investigations on hormonal function have remained limited. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vegetal-derived-biostimulant on morphological and metabolic changes in cuttings of three herbaceous species demonstrating different rooting ability, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.), in comparison to auxin. Unrooted cuttings were applied with or without biostimulant (100, 1000, 5000, and 10000 mg L−1) or auxin [1% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg L−1] as a basal quick-dip, stuck into inert media, and evaluated at 20 days after placement under intermittent mist. Both compounds increased adventitious rooting in all cuttings. Biostimulant required a significantly higher threshold for a series of adventitious rooting responses than auxin, and the maximum effectiveness was achieved at 5000 mg L−1 for biostimulant and 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1 for auxin in basil, tomato, and chrysanthemum, respectively. Adventitious rooting responses (dry mass and length) to biostimulant showed a gradual logarithmic rise as a function of increasing dosages, which was not in agreement with biphasic dose-response of auxin. Biostimulant significantly increased or tended to increase fine roots in all tested cuttings, which was not consistent with auxin. Relatively high levels of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) were present in non-treated cuttings of basil, tomato, and chrysanthemum in decreasing order. Both compounds had no effects or concomitantly increased or decreased BR levels in plant tissues, with fewer effects on basil and tomato, containing high BR levels, but more prominent effects on chrysanthemum, containing relatively low BR levels. Contrasting effects of biostimulant and auxin were found in antioxidant activities, which were promoted by biostimulant but inhibited by auxin either in roots or shoots. These results indicate that the hormonal effects of vegetal-derived biostimulant are primarily exerted by BR-mediated processes while involving interaction with auxin. Both the biostimulant-derived BRs and auxin were suggested to modulate endogenous BR pool via overlapping and interdependent regulatory functions, inducing morphological and metabolic changes during adventitious rooting of cuttings in a plant species-specific manner.

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Section: Biostimulant Promotes Adventitious Rooting Responses Of Stemsupporting

confidence: 94%

Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Enhances Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings of Basil, Tomato, and Chrysanthemum via Brassinosteroid-Mediated Processes

Kim

Choi

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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“…This characteristic is extremely favorable, since 50-60% of the nitrogen required by the soybean crop is obtained via biological fixation (Salvagiotti et al, 2008). Amino acids can also increase transcription of genes involved in nitrate, ammonium, phosphorous, magnesium and iron transport (Santi et al, 2017). Teixeira et al (2018) demonstrated that applying glycine, cysteine and glutamate to seeds or leaves raises nitrate and amino acid accumulation in leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Root Architecture After Amino Acid Application in a Soybean Crop

Teixeira¹,

Fagan²,

Soares³

et al. 2018

JAS

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Improving the root system favors better plant growth, since it promotes water and nutrient absorption, resulting in higher plant yield. In this respect, the use of products for this purpose has become promising. Applying amino acids has benefitted the root system of Arabidopsis and in some vegetables; however, little is known about their influence on soybean plants. As such, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of applying amino acids to seeds and leaves on the root architecture of soybean plants. Effects of amino acids such as glutamate, cysteine, glycine and phenylalanine on the main root length (MRL), total root length (TRL), projected area (PA), root volume (RV), number of secondary roots (NSR), secondary root length (SRL) and number of tertiary roots (NTR) were evaluated. All the amino acids studied improved root architecture. Seed-applied cysteine increased TRL by 55%, in relation to control. When applied on leaves, it raised TRL by 27% and MRL by 69%, compared to control. Applying glycine to seeds increased MRL by 54%, PA by 69%, RV by 96% and NTR by 119%, all in relation to control. Thus, amino acids enhanced the architecture of soybean roots. However, glutamate, glycine and phenylalanine produced better responses when applied to seeds, and cysteine, when applied to leaves. All of these changes may help roots absorb more water and nutrients, thereby raising crop yield.

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“…Only recently, a transcriptome study performed in maize plants showed that targets of protein hydrolysates are genes related to cell wall organization, transport processes, stress responses and hormone metabolism (Santi et al, 2017). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Solanum lycopersicon L. in Response to an Alfalfa-Protein Hydrolysate Using Microarrays

2017

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An alfalfa-based protein hydrolysate (EM) has been tested in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) plants at two different concentrations (0.1 and 1 mL L-1) to get insight on its efficacy as biostimulant in this species and to unravel possible metabolic targets and molecular mechanisms that may shed light on its mode of action. EM was efficient in promoting the fresh biomass and content in chlorophyll and soluble sugars of tomato plants, especially when it was applied at the concentration of 1 mL L-1. This effect on plant productivity was likely related to the EM-dependent up-regulation of genes identified via microarray and involved in primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and developmental processes. EM also up-regulated a number of genes implied in the secondary metabolism that leads to the synthesis of compounds (phenols and terpenes) functioning in plant development and interaction with the environment. Concomitantly, phenol content was enhanced in EM-treated plants. Several new genes have been identified in tomato as potential targets of EM action, like those involved in detoxification processes from reactive oxygen species and xenobiotic (particularly glutathione/ascorbate cycle-related and ABC transporters), and defense against abiotic and biotic stress. The model hypothesized is that elicitors present in the EM formulation like auxins, phenolics, and amino acids, may trigger a signal transduction pathway via modulation of the intracellular levels of the hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid and abscissic acid, which then further prompt the activation of a cascade events requiring the presence and activity of many kinases and transcription factors to activate stress-related genes. The genes identified suggest these kinases and transcription factors as players involved in a complex crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways. We conclude that EM acts as a biostimulant in tomato due to its capacity to stimulate plant productivity and up-regulate stress-related responses. Its use in agricultural practices may reduce the need of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, thereby reducing the environmental impact of productive agriculture.

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Growth Stimulatory Effects and Genome-Wide Transcriptional Changes Produced by Protein Hydrolysates in Maize Seedlings

Cited by 64 publications

References 81 publications

Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Enhances Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings of Basil, Tomato, and Chrysanthemum via Brassinosteroid-Mediated Processes

Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Enhances Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings of Basil, Tomato, and Chrysanthemum via Brassinosteroid-Mediated Processes

Changes in Root Architecture After Amino Acid Application in a Soybean Crop

Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Solanum lycopersicon L. in Response to an Alfalfa-Protein Hydrolysate Using Microarrays

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