Growth Stages of the Grapevine: Adoption of a system for identifying grapevine growth stages

Coombe, B. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00086.x

Cited by 978 publications

(758 citation statements)

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“…Os estádios fenológicos dos cachos foram definidos durante o período de novembro de 2006 a janeiro de 2007, conforme escala nominal e numérica adotado por Coombe (1995), além de ser registrado, com paquímetro, o diâme-tro de 20 bagas para cada data de infestação (Tabela 1). Os cachos foram individualizados com o auxílio de gaiolas cilíndricas (25 cm de diâmetro por 40 cm de comprimento), confeccionadas com tecido voile, considerando-se cada cacho uma repetição.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

Zart

Botton

2011

Bragantia

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A mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a suscetibilidade quanto à queda e deformação de bagas de diferentes cultivares/espécies de uva pela injúria causada pela oviposição de A. fraterculus. O trabalho foi realizado em vinhedos das cultivares 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera), 'Moscato Embrapa' (75% de V. vinifera) e 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca), localizados em Bento Gonçalves (RS), na safra 2006/2007. Dois casais de A. fraterculus foram confinados por cacho, em gaiolas de tecido voile, durante os estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha, início da compactação, início da maturação e maturação plena dos cachos. Queda significativa de bagas devido ao ataque de A. fraterculus foi registrada na cultivar 'Cabernet Sauvignon' quando a infestação foi realizada nos estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho; estádios de grão ervilha em 'Moscato Embrapa'; e nos estádios de grão ervilha, início da compactação e início da maturação do cacho na cultivar 'Isabel'. Foi registrada deformação de bagas quando as infestações foram realizadas nos estádios de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho em 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' e 'Isabel'. O desenvolvimento larval até a fase de pupa foi observado somente na cultivar 'Moscato Embrapa'.Palavras-chave: mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, desenvolvimento de larvas, queda de bagas, Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera. Damage caused by South American Fruit Fly in grapes cultivars AbstractThe South American Fruit Fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of fruit production in Brazil. This study was conducted to evaluate the stages of berry susceptibility and injuries caused by the fruit flies in different grape cultivars. The work was conducted in the field with 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' and 'Isabel' cultivars, located in Bento Gonçalves, RS, in 2006 and 2007. Two couples of A. fraterculus were confined in grape bunchs in different phenological stages: berries pea-size, berries still hard and green, berries begin to colour and enlarge, and berries harvest-ripe. Significative berry dropping was recorded in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' cultivar when injured by A. fraterculus in the stages of berries pea-size and berries still hard and green; stage of berries pea-size in 'Moscato Embrapa' and stages of berries pea-size, berries still hard and green, berries begin to colour and enlarge in 'Isabel' cultivar. Deformation in berries was recorded when infestations were done in phases berries pea-size and berries still hard and green of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' and 'Isabel' cultivars. There was development of larvae to the pupa stage in 'Moscato Embrapa' cultivar.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

Zart

Botton

2011

Bragantia

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“…Pinot Noir plants grown at the experimental station of the "Ente Regionale per i Servizi all'Agricoltura e alle Foreste" of Regione Lombardia (Montebello della Battaglia, PV, Italy). The sampling stages corresponded to 35 (termed "RS35", véraison berries), 37 ("RS37", not quite ripe berries), and 38 ("RS38", harvest-ripe berries) of the modified E-L system (Coombe 1995). The definition of the developmental stages of this material though the phenological modified E-L system was corroborated by some physiological parameters (total solids, pH, titratable acidity and anthocyanins) determined according to Negri et al (2008a).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pinot Noir at three different ripening stages. The stages were coded according to the Modified E-L models (Coombe 1995) as RS35 (véraison berries), RS37 (not quite ripe berries) and RS38 (harvest-ripe berries). This phenological classification is also consistent with the results of the chemical analysis conducted on the berries (total solids, pH, titratable acidity, and anthocyanins) shown in the supporting information (Online Resources 1).…”

Section: -De and Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as the most significant biomarkers in the ripening of Pinot Noir skins

Negri

Robotti

Prinsi

et al. 2011

Funct Integr Genomics

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We propose an integrated approach, obtained by the combination of multivariate statistics and proteomics, useful to isolate candidate biomarkers for the evaluation of grape ripening. We carried out a comparative 2-DE analysis of grape skins collected in three moments of ripening and analyzed the spot volume dataset through the application of principal component analysis followed by forward stepwiselinear discriminant analysis. This technique allowed to discriminate véraison, quite mature and mature samples, and to sort the matched spots according to their significance. We identified 36 spots showing high discriminating coefficients through liquid chromatography -electrospray ionization -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Most of them were involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses indicating these enzymes as good candidate markers of berry ripening. These evidences hint at a likely developmental role of these proteins, in addition to their reported activity in stress events. Restricting the same statistical analysis to the samples belonging to the two last stages, it was indicated that this approach can clearly distinguish these close and similar phases of berry development. Taken all together, these results bear out that the employment of the combination of 2-DE and multivariate statistics is a reliable tool in the identification of new protein markers for describing the ripening phases and to assess the overall quality of the fruit.

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“…Experimental treatments comprised the application of smoke to grapevines (in triplicate, three vines per replicate) for 30 min. Smoke was applied to different grapevines at various phenological stages of grapevine growth as designated by the modified Eichhorn-Lorenz (E-L) system (Coombe 1995). The E-L system was further modified for this study to incorporate additional smoke application timings (Table 1).…”

Section: Smoke Generation and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of smoke application to field-grown Merlot grapevines at key phenological growth stages on wine sensory and chemical properties

Kennison

Wilkinson

Pollnitz

et al. 2011

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims: Smoke exposure of grapevines and development of smoke taint in wine are issues of increasing incidence and severity. There is limited understanding of the effect of phenological stage at the time of smoke exposure on taint development. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the variation in smoke uptake and taint development between and within seasons. Methods and Results:Smoke was applied to field-grown Merlot grapevines at 12 stages of vine development over three growing seasons. Key periods of vine sensitivity to smoke taint in wine were (i) from shoots at 10 cm to full bloom (low levels of smoke taint); (ii) from berries at pea size to the onset of veraison (variable levels of smoke taint); and (iii) between 7 days post-veraison and harvest (high levels of smoke taint). Conclusions:The severity of taint in wine varied depending on the phenological timing of grapevine smoke exposure. Taint was elevated when exposure occurred between 7 days post-veraison and harvest. The carry-over of smoke constituents the following season was not detectable in wine but yields were reduced. Significance of the Study: This is the first study to demonstrate the timing of smoke exposure to critically affect wine chemical and sensory characters. These effects were consistent and reproducible over three seasons.

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Growth Stages of the Grapevine: Adoption of a system for identifying grapevine growth stages

Cited by 978 publications

References 0 publications

Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

Proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as the most significant biomarkers in the ripening of Pinot Noir skins

Effect of smoke application to field-grown Merlot grapevines at key phenological growth stages on wine sensory and chemical properties

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