Growth Response of Southern Pines to Acidic Precipitation and Ozone

Flagler, Richard B.; Chappelka, Arthur H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0809-9_11

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Pinus ponderosa trees of the San Bernardino mountains react similarly because the local ozone leads to retention of only one or two needle year classes in late summer, the usual time of needle shedding (Miller, 1993a, b). Premature needle shedding and foliar symptoms also occurred in long-term fumigation studies on shortleaf pine and related species (Flagler and Chappelka, 1995). Memory-type carry-over effects into the next year were also described but without diagnostics of early stress reactions in the year of treatment (Sasek and Flagler, 1995).…”

Section: **Memory++ Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Langebartels

Heller

Führer³

et al. 1998

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: **Memory++ Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Langebartels

Heller

Führer³

et al. 1998

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Teskey (1995) reviewed the literature for southern pines and concluded that growth losses due to ozone at ambient levels are probably occurring, and that annual reductions in above-ground growth are small (2-5 %). These conclusions were based on findings with seedling or sapling studies (Flagler & Chappelka, 1995). Growth reductions for mature trees were 2-9 % per year, based on model predictions (Dougherty, Teskey & Jarvis, 1992 ;Webb, Burkhart & Amateis, 1992).…”

Section: Three Growing Seasonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flagler et al (1992) used regression analysis to determine the effects of ozone and acidic deposition on growth of pines across the southern region of the USA. Data were combined from five open-top chamber studies (Flagler & Chappelka, 1995) and analysed for growth and biomass responses. Foliage biomass was the most ozone-responsive biological variable measured.…”

Section: Tree To Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review

1998

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Tropospheric ozone can affect crop yield and has been reported to cause reductions in growth and biomass of forest tree species in laboratory and glasshouse studies. However, linkages between growth and ambient ozone concentrations in the field are not well established for forest trees. Ambient ozone concentrations have been shown to cause foliar injury on a number of tree species throughout much of the eastern USA. Symptom expression is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors and, therefore, ozone-exposure\tree-response relationships have been difficult to confirm. Clearly defined, cause-effect relationships between visible injury and growth losses due to ozone have not been validated. Generalizations of sensitivity of forest trees to ozone are complicated by tree development stage, microclimate, leaf phenology, compensatory processes, within-species variation and other interacting stresses. In general, decreases in above-ground growth at ambient ozone levels in the eastern USA appear to be in the range of 0-10 % per year. However, these conclusions are based on a small number of tree species, with the vast majority of studies involving individual tree seedlings in a non-competitive environment. Comparative studies of small and large trees indicate that seedlings are not suitable surrogates for predicting responses of mature trees to ozone. Process-level modelling is a promising methodology that has been recently utilized to assess ozone effects on a stand to regional scale, indicating that ozone is affecting forest growth in the eastern USA. The extent and magnitude of the response is variable and depends on many edaphic and climatic factors. It is imperative when conducting assessment exercises, however, that forest biologists constantly keep in mind the tremendous variability that exists within natural systems. Scaling of single site\physiological response phenomena from an individual tree to an ecosystem and\or region necessitates further research.

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“…Mottles found in adjacent C ? 1 and older needles showed morphological traits similar to the so-called ''winter fleck'' injury (brownish dots with sharp edges; Hartmann et al 2007;Miller and Evans 1974;Stolte 1996), but which were also reminiscent of chlorotic mottling by O 3 stress (symptom frequency increasing with needle age and higher illumination on both abaxial and adaxial needle sides) as found in Pinus ponderosa and other conifers (Alvarez et al 1998a;Flagler and Chappelka 1995;Grulke 2003). With both symptoms adjacent to each other on the same branches, our results suggest that mottling in C and C ?…”

Section: Visible Injurymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Under ozone stress, conifer needles show visible injury in the form of homogeneous (Hartmann et al 2007) band-like (Flagler and Chappelka 1995;Miller and Evans 1974) needle discoloration or mottling (Sanz and Calatayud 2012;Stolte 1996) which vary in intensity and morphological details depending on the ozone dose and tree species. In pine species, chlorotic mottling is the most frequent injury reported and this symptom is one of the principal parameters used to calculate the Forest Pest Management (FPM) and Ozone Injury Index (OII) in forest health surveys in California and other parts of the US (Arbaugh et al 1998;Grulke 2003).…”

Section: Ozone Injury In Conifer Foliagementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural injury underlying mottling in ponderosa pine needles exposed to ambient ozone concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California

Vollenweider

Fenn

Menard

et al. 2013

Trees

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For several decades, southern California experienced the worst ozone pollution ever reported. Peak ozone concentrations have, however, declined steadily since 1980. In this study, the structural injuries underlying ozone symptoms in needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) collected in summer 2006 from one of the most polluted sites in the San Bernardino Mountains were investigated using serial sections examined by light and electron microscopy. Ozone-specific light-green diffuse mottling was observed in the currentyear needles, whereas older foliage showed brownish mottling similar to winter fleck injury. Especially, within the outer layers of mesophyll, many markers of oxidative stress, typical for ozone, were observed in both apoplast and symplast. Altogether within cells of mottles, these markers were indicative of hypersensitive-like response, whereas degenerative structural changes were diagnosed in the surrounding mesophyll. Evidence of drought stress and frost injury to older needles was also detected. Hence, mottling injury appeared to be primarily caused by ozone stress, however, other environmental stressors also determined the symptom morphology and distribution, especially within the older foliage. Keywords Ponderosa pine Á Los Angeles basin Á Ozone visible injury Á Microscopic diagnosis Á Needle histochemistry Á Mesophyll ultrastructure Communicated by R. Matyssek.

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Growth Response of Southern Pines to Acidic Precipitation and Ozone

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review

Structural injury underlying mottling in ponderosa pine needles exposed to ambient ozone concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California

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