Growth-related Changes in Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate during Progressive Exercise in Children

Weiler-Ravell, Daniel; Whipp, Brian J.; Wasserman, Karlman

doi:10.1203/00006450-198409000-00008

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Also, PaCO2 seems to be controlled at lower levels in children compared to adults. These observations were corroborated indirectly by the measurements of end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) and showed that pre-exercise and peak-exercise values were signifi cantly lower in children as compared with PETCO2 in adults (23,27,28). Results showed that younger children breathed more during exercise to eliminate a given amount of CO2 to keep PaCO2 set point slightly but signifi cantly lower than older children or adults.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children and adolescents in northwest Croatia

Dilber¹,

Malčić²,

Ćaleta³

et al. 2015

Paediatr Croat

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 66%

“…According to Fick principle, O2 pulse correlates with stroke volume. According to Cooper et al (23,24), we used end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) to estimate PaCO2. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.5 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children and adolescents in northwest Croatia

Dilber¹,

Malčić²,

Ćaleta³

et al. 2015

Paediatr Croat

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“…COOPER et al [19] extensively studied such relationships in children and showed that the value of the slope during exercise was principally affected by weight (presumably reflecting muscular mass). Thus, the slope of V 'O 2 /fC normalized for differences in weight is independent of age [19]. In the present study, all values of the V 'O 2 /fC slope were within normal limits (mean± 2SD), or elevated in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) and the ventilatory threshold tended to be lower in affected adult patients than in children. The slope of the V 'O 2 /fC relationship is an additional indicator of systolic ejection function during exercise [15,19]. A low slope of V 'O 2 /fC indicates that a high fC increase is associated with a given increase in V 'O 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung function and exercise capacity in thalassaemia major

Cracowski¹,

Wuyam²,

Klein³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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Lung function abnormalities in thalassaemia major are various and complex; however, patients still die from cardiac lesions. This study aimed to investigate pulmonary and cardiac involvement at an early stage in thalassaemic patients and study their respective implications at rest and during exercise. Ten patients (five adults and five children) with thalassaemia major were investigated by echocardiography, lung function and exercise testing a few days after transfusion. All have had regular transfusions and chelation with deferoxamine and none had chronic pulmonary disease symptoms. Minor lung function abnormalities were found: two patients had moderate obstructive syndrome and two had a decreased carbon monoxide transfer factor. Hypoxaemia was never found at rest and no desaturation was observed at the end of exercise. Echocardiographic abnormalities were also moderate. Peak oxygen consumption (V'O2) was decreased in three adults and was lower in adults than children (means 27.7+/-4.6 and 41.1+/-4.8 mL.kg(-1).min(-2) respectively). The V'O2/cardiac frequency slope was lower in adults than children (0.25+/-0.06 versus 0.42+/-0.10 mL.kg(-1).min(-2)), whereas end-exercise breathing reserve was >40% maximal voluntary ventilation for all patients. In conclusion, none of the patients had ventilatory limitations but older patients had cardiac limitations assessed by the relationship between oxygen consumption and cardiac frequency. Exercise testing may detect cardiac impairment in thalassaemia major earlier than investigations at rest.

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“…Gas exchange was measured breathby-breath, 13 and the peak VO 2 was determined as previously described in children and adolescents. 14,15 Scaling ®tness to body size…”

Section: Fitness Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness and the effect of exercise training on the dietary intake of healthy adolescents

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE: In healthy, nonobese, adolescent males and females to: (1) Determine the relationship between ®tness and energy intake; (2) assess the effect of ®ve-weeks endurance training on energy intake and food choice and (3) compare food record assessments of energy intake with doubly-labeled water (DLW) measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE). DESIGN: (1) Cross sectional analysis of ®tness and food intake and (2) Prospective, randomized, controlled interventional study of endurance-type exercise training in 44 females and 44 males (age range, 15±17 y). MEASUREMENTS: Pre and end interventional three day food records were successfully collected from 32 females (15 controls, 17 trained) and 39 males (19 controls, 20 trained). Fitness was assessed from cycle ergometry as peak oxygen uptake normalized both to thigh muscle mass and body weight. Thigh muscle mass was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. TEE using the DLW technique was measured in 12 females (6 controls, 6 trained) and 20 males (10 controls, 10 trained) during weeks 4±5 of the exercise training program (simultaneously with the second assessment of food records). Food record data were analyzed using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System. RESULTS: Fitness was correlated with self reported total caloric intake in males but not females. In females, there was a signi®cant increase in fat intake (19.8 AE 9%, P`0.05) and a signi®cant decrease in carbohydrate intake (79.8 AE 4%) in the trained subjects. No changes were observed in the control subjects. Energy expenditure (2072 AE 52 kcalad) was signi®cantly greater than the estimated energy intake (1520 AE 112 kcalad, P`0.007) during the intervention in the trained, but not control, subjects. However, there was no weight change in either control or trained subjects. In males, no changes were observed in food choice in either control or trained subjects. Similar to the females, energy expenditure (2425 AE 22 kcalad) was signi®cantly greater than the estimated energy intake (2168 AE 117 kcalad, P`0.05) during the intervention in the trained, but not control, subjects. No weight changes were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Fitness is associated with increased self-reported energy intake in males but not females, while exercise training led to alterations in food selection (greater fat and reduced carbohydrate) only in females. These observations could re¯ect speci®c gender differences, or, alternatively, the generally lower levels of ®tness in the females. The apparent negative energy balance without evidence for weight loss in both the trained males and females suggests a systematic under reporting of food intake during exercise programs in adolescents, and indicates the possibility that errors in self reported food intake might be greater during transitions from one level of energy expenditure to another.

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Growth-related Changes in Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate during Progressive Exercise in Children

Cited by 82 publications

References 13 publications

Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children and adolescents in northwest Croatia

Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children and adolescents in northwest Croatia

Lung function and exercise capacity in thalassaemia major

Fitness and the effect of exercise training on the dietary intake of healthy adolescents

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