Growth regimes of CdTe deposited by close-spaced sublimation for application in thin film solar cells

CdTe thin film solar cells: Interrelation of nucleation, structure, and performance

“…It has been found that deposited CdTe films tend to grow in columnar layers with (111) orientation, when physical vapour deposition (PVD or CSS) is applied at low sample temperatures [5][6][7]. The given (111) texture relates to the fast growth direction of zincblende compounds.…”

“…The given (111) texture relates to the fast growth direction of zincblende compounds. If the sample temperature is strongly increased, which will only be practicable for Closed Space Sublimation (CSS) deposition, the (111) texture is lost and large 3D grains of nearly statistical orientation are formed [5,6,8]. This recrystallisation can also be observed during the well known activation process of CdTe solar cells using e.g.…”

Morphological, structural, compositional properties and IR-spectroscopy of CdSe films deposited by close-spaced vacuum sublimation

“…However, wave shaped feT s curve shows two minimums at 570 K and 870 K. Similar behavior of feT s dependencies was observed in Refs. [24,38] in the case of CdTe films. The authors assumed that the minimums on feT s curve could be explained by the change in growth mechanism at corresponding temperatures.…”

Interface Engineering of Inorganic Thin‐Film Solar Cells – Materials‐Science Challenges for Advanced Physical Concepts

“…To investigate changes in structure and morphology regarding their dependence on the growth conditions, systematic investigations have been performed with XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [71][72][73] XRD experiments indicate there is a strong tendency for the CdTe crystallites to grow with a (111) texture at lower substrate temperatures (see Fig. 9), which is largely independent of the substrate used.…”