Growth Rate and Nutrient Uptake of Two Cotton Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation¹

Abstract

The production of high cotton yield is highly dependent on adequate growth rate and nutrient uptake about which relatively little information is available under semiarid conditions. Growth rate and N, P, K uptake of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, ‘Acala 1517‐C’ and ‘Acala 4‐42,’ which differ in their response to K fertilizer, were investigated in an irrigated field (soil type ‐ Typic Rhodoxeralf) under favorable conditions conducive to high yields. The rate of dry matter production was slow until flowering and after the first bolls opened. Up to 72 days from emergence, 15% of the total dry matter was produced; from 112 days until picking, 10%; and during the 40‐day period from 72 to 112 days, 75%. Throughout this period the growth rate was nearly linear, 250 kg/ ha/day. Total dry matter was 12,200 to 13,480 kg/ha. Its distribution in mature plants was 26% in the leaves, 24% in stems, 16% in burs, 21% in seeds, and 13% in lint. The lint yield was 1,700 kg/ha. Total uptake of N, P, and K was 230, 45, and 174 kg/ha. The total uptake of N and P followed that of dry matter production, whereas K was absorbed more rapidly, reaching a maximum at 112 days from emergence and then decreasing. The removal of nutrients from the field by seed and lint was 98 to 109 kg N/ha, 19 to 21 kg P/ha, and 43 to 47 kg K/ha. Toward the end of growing season Acala 1517‐C suffered more than Acala 4‐42 from K deficiency in soils with a low supply of available K. The factors which may be responsible for this in Acala 1517‐C are earlier development, greater uptake of K during early growth, the larger uptake of K by relatively more developed reproductive parts, and the relatively smaller root system. The rates of growth and uptake in the present experiment were greater than those reported in the literature. Also, Acala 1517‐C and Acala 4‐42 differed in their nutrient uptake, especially of potassium.

Nitrate and potassium concentrations in cotton petiole extracts as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, sampling date and cultivar

“…deve- loping bolls). In previous works, variation in K uptake among cotton cultivars has been found (Halevy, 1976;Brouder and Cassman, 1990;López et al, 2008b) which probably reflects variation in root K uptake as well as differential demand for growth (Keino et al, 1999;López et al, 2008a).…”

The Effect of Poultry Litter Application on Agricultural Production: A Meta-Analysis of Crop Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility

“…Therefore, the results of PL effects on cotton leaf and stem N concentration may be largely impacting the meta-analysis results for plant leaf and stem N concentration. Several studies observed that only 42 to 65 % of the PL N is removed from the field in harvested cotton (Halevy, 1976;Mullins and Burmester, 1990;Tewolde et al, 2007), thus, lead to a lower cotton leaf or stem N concentration compared to inorganic N fertilizer with the same N application rate.…”

Acúmulo de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio pelo algodoeiro sob irrigação cultivado em sistemas convencional e adensado

“…A dose de N requerida para proporcionar a máxima produtividade biológica não variou em populações da ordem de 128 para 256 mil plantas ha -1 (boquet, 2005), indicando que a quantidade absorvida não muda com o aumento da densidade populacional, como foi observado neste trabalho, embora a época de exigência tenha sido alterada (figura 2a e Quadro 2). para a produção de uma tonelada de algodão em fibra, Halevy (1976) observou que a exportação de nutrientes foi, em média, de 60 kg de N, 11 kg de p e 26,5 kg de K -quantidades essas inferiores às observadas no presente trabalho (média de 91, 18,8 e 60 kg ha -1 de N, p e K, respectivamente). uma possível explicação seria que as variedades mais modernas, oriundas de genótipos importados, mostram-se mais sensíveis à deficiência de nutrientes, especialmente o K, e isso pode ocorrer por terem capacidade inferior de absorção de nutrientes do solo (rosolem, 2001), podendo haver diferenças entre cultivares da ordem de 40, 43 e 21 % na quantidade requerida de N, p e K, respectivamente, para produzir a mesma quantidade de algodão em fibra (unruh & silvertooh, 1996).…”