Growth Physiology and Crop Yields of Direct-seeded Rice under Diverse Input Systems in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

Wickramasinghe, W. M. D. M.; Devasinghe, D.A.U.D.; Dissanayake, Devani Sakunthala; Benaragama, Dilshan; Egodawatta, W. C. P.; Suriyagoda, L. D. B.

doi:10.4038/tar.v32i3.8496

Cited by 5 publications

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“…A low land paddy field under DL1b agro-ecological region between latitude 8° 57' 44 N and longitude 80° 31' 16 E was used (Sanjeevani et al, 2015). Yala season receives 337.3 mm seasonal rainfall while mean and maximum season temperatures are 30.0 and 34.3 o C, respectively (Wickramasinghe et al, 2021). A considerable extent of the land in the dry zone consists of Reddish Brown Earth (RBE) soil type whereas some other certain areas consist of Low Humic Gley (LHG) soil type (Vidyarathna et al, 2008).…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of soil properties and yield under diverse input systems in Alfisols for rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) crop

Attanayake

Duminda

Silva

2022

J. Agric. Val. Add.

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Today's agricultural system relies heavily on synthetic inputs for higher yields. Prolonged use of chemical inputs pollutes and degrades the farming lands and it should go through a transition period to achieve soil fertility. Sri Lanka needs research to identify the potential and challenges of organic or integrated plant nutrient management strategies, particularly during the transition phase. More information is lacking on the soil fertility dynamics and yield performance among these diverse input systems for rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids as they were bred under conventional management. Main objective of this study was to compare the final grain yield between conventional (100% Department of Agriculture, DOA recommendation) reduced (50% DOA + 50% organic manure) and organic systems with great attention to soil fertility dynamics within its first transition year. The experiment was carried out in Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura during Yala season 2019. Soil samples were analysed for different fertility parameters. The final grain yield and yield parameters were also determined. Data were subjected to analysis of varience (ANOVA) using SAS software to distinguish treatment effects. With time stages, ammonium nitrogen (N), nitrate N, available phosphorous (P), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) fluctuation among different input systems were significant (P<0.05). Nitrate N and available P revealed a significant increment within the organic system from the first transition year. Initial 77.27 mg kg-1 nitrate N of organic system reached up to 144.16 mg kg-1 at the end of the first transition year while available P surged from 2.25 to 15.1 mg kg-1. Conventional and reduced systems produced similar final yields for rice as 4.9 and 4.7 t ha-1, correspondingly while 2.7 t ha-1 final yield produced by organic input system. The results suggest a potential to replace inorganic chemical fertilizers by 50% with organic manure without much impact on the yield while reducing the cost of production applied for commercial fertilizers. Overall, long-term investigations are needed to confirm soil fertility dynamics and final grain yield of rice within its transition period.

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Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of soil properties and yield under diverse input systems in Alfisols for rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) crop

Attanayake

Duminda

Silva

2022

J. Agric. Val. Add.

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“…Rice monocropping (LOW rotation) in INT nutrient management systems during the 1st cycle were high in productivity along with improvement during dry 2019. The higher solar radiation with low cloud cover in the dry season resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate and improved crop yield(Wickramasinghe et al, 2021). Rice-maize (HIGH) rotation in the INT nutrient management system performed at the low productivity level compared to CONV and ORG systems during the 1st cycle due to the lower e ciency of dry season maize crop which follows wet season rice under the INT nutrient management system.…”

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Productivity of Different Nutrient Management Systems under Diverse Rice-Based Crop Rotations in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

Wickramasinghe

Devasinghe

Suriyagoda

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Alternative nutrient management options have improved with many synergistic processes of spatial and temporal scale leading to sustained and stabilized productivity due to concerns over the irregular and uneven application of mineral fertilizers. However, understanding the productivity dynamics of biomass and yield in diverse nutrient management and crop rotation intensities is important. This study was conducted during the transitional period with conventional (CONV), integrated (INT), and organic (ORG) nutrient management under four crop diversification intensities in a dry zone of Sri Lanka. Mono-cropped rice (LOW) and a rice-maize rotation (HIGH) were the starting point. After 1 year, the intensity of diversification was increased by adding interseason sunnhemp (rice-sunnhemp-rice; MEDIUM and rice-sunnhemp-maize; VERY HIGH). The INT LOW system during the 1st cycle was very effective. Crop biomass (41%), final grain yield (28%), and rice equivalent yield (36%) increased with the ORG LOW system than at ORG HIGH system. In the 2nd cycle, there was a higher grain yield (54%) and a higher rice equivalent yield (53%) in the ORG HIGH than ORG LOW. The productivity under VERY HIGH rotation was similar in ORG, INT, and CONV towards the end of two-year study. Halving the amount of mineral fertilizers and compensating with organic fertilizers maintains the productivity of existing crops without losing their full reliance on mineral fertilizers. Increasing the diversity from rice mono-cropping to rice-sunnhemp-maize cropping system delivered better synergy by improving overall productivity and grain yields in the organic system. This provides details for new farming system designs combined with ecological and sustainable pathways.

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“…Lodging of rice caused a problem in rice production, it leading to poor grain filling, poor grain quality and lowering the efficiency of harvesting (Jinger and Dhar 2018). Droopy leave reduced light harvesting for photosynthesis under high-density cultivation (Wickramasinghe et al 2021). Moreover, KDML105 is a photoperiod-sensitive rice cultivar which flowering is induced by short-day photoperiod.…”

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Comparative Morphology, Photoperiodism, and Yield of KDML105 Rice (Oryza sativa) and Its Mutants

Artadana

Supaibulwatana

2023

HAYATI J Biosci

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Climate change and decreasing in farmlands threaten global rice production. The productivity and grain quality of KDML105 (Oryza sativa ‘KDML105’), one of Thailand’s famous scented rice is depending on photoperiod and cultivating conditions. Cultivar improvement using induced mutagenesis has previously been performed and screening of candidate mutant lines (MT1, MT3, MT4, MT5, MT6) were then investigated in comparison with KDML105 to gain M6 generation. Comparative morphological features revealed that five mutant lines showed semi-dwarf shoot with erected leaves, higher tiller numbers, and compact clump when compared to KDML105. Interestingly, the variations of photoperiodism of flowering were observed among mutants and its original. All five lines of candidate mutants showed flowering unaffected by day length even under long-day or short-day that required only 47-85 days after transplanting to reach the flowering date. In contrast, KDML 105 showed flowering only under short-day conditions. On the other hand, three candidate mutants (MT3, MT5 and MT6) after screening for salinity tolerance were further selected to grow for M6 seed production. The tiller numbers, spikelet numbers, total grain yield, and grain weight obtained from MT3, MT5 and MT6 mutants were significantly more than those obtained from KDML 105. The mutants obtained in this study are characterized as intermediate photoperiodism with shortened production time. It is also suggested to further investigate the grain quality to examine the overall properties of these mutants prior to use in the rice breeding program.

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Growth Physiology and Crop Yields of Direct-seeded Rice under Diverse Input Systems in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of soil properties and yield under diverse input systems in Alfisols for rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) crop

Assessment of soil properties and yield under diverse input systems in Alfisols for rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) crop

Productivity of Different Nutrient Management Systems under Diverse Rice-Based Crop Rotations in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka

Comparative Morphology, Photoperiodism, and Yield of KDML105 Rice (Oryza sativa) and Its Mutants

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