Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance toStreptococcus iniaeof Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus, Fed Diets Containing Various Levels of Vitamins C and E

Abstract

Growth, immunity, and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge were evaluated after feeding diets supplemented with vitamin C (0, 100, 2000 mg/kg) and E (0, 50, 500 mg/kg) for 12 wk. Supplementation of 100 mg vitamin C/kg to the basal diet was sufficient to increase growth and feed efficiency. The amount of vitamin E present in the basal diet (23.1 mg/kg) was sufficient to promote good growth and feed efficiency, but adding 50 mg vitamin E/kg was necessary to increase survival. Liver vitamin C and E concentrations increased with increasing dietary concentrations of the corresponding vitamin. Dietary vitamin E concentrations had no effect on liver vitamin C concentration, but increasing dietary vitamin C increased liver vitamin E. Although hematology was generally unaffected by dietary vitamin E, significantly lower red blood cell count and hemoglobin and higher mean corpuscular volume were observed in fish fed the vitamin C‐unsupplemented diets. Total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in fish fed 2000 mg/kg vitamin C diets. Vitamin E at 500 mg/kg diet significantly decreased alternative complement activity. Dietary concentrations of vitamin C had no effect on mortality following S. iniae challenge, but mortality significantly decreased in fish fed vitamin E–supplemented diets.

Growth performance, vitamin E status, and proximate and fatty acid composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed diets containing various levels of fish oil and vitamin E

“…It should be noted that our diets were supplemented with the antioxidant, ethoxyquin, at 200 mg/kg diet. Ethoxyquin, although has no biological activity of vitamin E, can partially spare vitamin E in the diet for growth and other physiological functions (Lovell et al 1984). Whole-body proximate composition of channel catfish was unaffected by dietary levels of vitamin E. Similar results were obtained by Watanabe et al (1977) and Huang and Huang (2004) for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and hybrid tilapia, respectively.…”

“…Earlier studies have indicated that vitamin E requirements of fish are affected by dietary levels of lipid (Watanabe et al 1977;Lovell et al 1984;Satoh et al 1989;Roem et al 1990;Shiau and Shiau 2001). The requirement of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for vitamin E was 50-100 mg/kg for a diet containing 5% lipid but increased to 500 mg/kg for diets containing 10-15% lipid (Satoh et al 1989).…”

“…Vitamin E (a-tocopherol) that is dietary essential for channel catfish (Murai and Andrews 1974;Lovell et al 1984;Wilson et al 1984;Gatlin et al 1986) is also known for its role in the prevention of lipid peroxidation (McCay and King 1980;Beharka et al 1997). The dietary vitamin E requirement has been determined for a number of fish species (NRC 1993) including 25-50 mg/kg diet for channel catfish (Murai and Andrews 1974;Wilson et al 1984).…”

Ganado-hepato-somatic Index of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> Sub Adults Exposed to Some Herbicides

“…Similarly, Gomex-Marquez et al (2003) noted that hepatosomatic index has an inverse relationship with gonadosomatic index in Oreochromis niloticus. However, Lim et al (2007) recorded that they could not find any change in the hepatosomatic index of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different concentrations of vitamins C and E. But, increased concentrations of these vitamins in water increased their concentrations in the liver. Uchida et al (2003) reported a reduction in the hepatosomatic index, condition factor as well as specific growth rate in the Nile tilapia that fasted for two weeks.…”

Feed training of giant trahira fingerlings fed diets containing different levels of vitamin C

“…It also participates in the synthesis of carnitine (Chien & Hwang, 2001), which is fundamental in the transport of long chain fatty acids into mitochondria, favoring the production of energy (Bilinski & Jonas, 1970). The supply of dietary vitamin C may also regulate the activity of lysoenzymes and immunoglobulin concentrations in blood plasma, increasing the immune responses of the animal (Ren et al, 2008, Lim et al, 2010.…”