Growth of Zr/N-codoped TiO₂ nanorod arrays for enhanced photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The PCE of Zr/N–TiO2 based solar cells is 31.6% higher than that of solar cells based on un-doped TiO2.

Understanding the role of inorganic carrier transport layer materials and interfaces in emerging perovskite solar cells

“…106 Besides, metal oxides were also used as a substitute of carbon materials to form nanocomposites with TiO 2 , but were found to be relatively inefficient as ETLs due to the inhibited recombination rate offered by impure phase formation. 107 Therefore, Y, 108 Ga, 109 Zr, 110 and Ru 111 doped and Zr/N 112 and Er–Yb, 113 co-doped TiO 2 nanostructures have also been explored as ETLs to achieve longer carrier lifetimes and higher charge density at the ETL/perovskite interface. Moreover, hydrogen 114 and cadmium 115 have been utilized to alter the recombination resistance and charge carrier density of TiO 2 to further increase the collection efficiency.…”

Charge transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

“…55 Mg-doped and Sn-doped TiO 2 NRs were also employed as ETL in mp-PSCs by Manseki et al 56 and Zhang et al, 57 respectively, showing increased J SC and enhanced device efficiency, while Mao et al used Zr and Zr/N co-doped TiO 2 nanorod arrays as ETL. 58 The optimized mp-PSCs based on co-doped TiO 2 with an optimized Zr doping content of 1% exhibited a 12.6% PCE (31.6% higher than the un-doped devices) due to the improved electron extraction, the reduced recombination rate as well as the larger CB offset at the ETL/perovskite absorber interface. Qin et al used Y-doped TiO 2 as ETL in solid-state mp-PSCs reporting a 15% improvement of J SC .…”

Hydrothermal Process to Prepare Novel Phase Titanium Sub-Oxide Ti6O11 from Nano Rutile Titanium Dioxide Particles with Different Autodave Reactors

“…The TiO 2 anatase phase is widely considered to be the active phase in photochemical applications [5]. According to several observations in the literature, rutile TiO 2 is also more active in photochemical applications than anatase TiO 2 [6,7].…”