Growth of the longline-cultured sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi in a temperate bay of Korea: Biochemical composition and physiological energetics

Lee, Young Jae; Wilberg, Michael J.; Han, Eunah; Choi, Kwang-Sik; Lee, Won Chan; Kang, Chang‐Keun

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734526

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…While many ascidian species are used for cellular and molecular studies, including gene function and regulation during development [7,[10][11][12][13], a culturing technique has been established for only a few solitary species, such as Ciona robusta (previously called C. intestinalis type A [14]), Ciona intestinalis and Halocynthia roretzi [5,[15][16][17]. The extensive study of these latter species has led to the development of genetic tools and molecular approaches, including stable transgenic lines [5,12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawning induction, development and culturing of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera, an emerging model for regeneration studies

et al. 2020

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Background Ascidians (phylum Chordata, class Ascidiacea) represent the closest living invertebrate relatives of the vertebrates and constitute an important model for studying the evolution of chordate development. The solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera exhibits a robust regeneration ability, unique among solitary chordates, thus offering a promising new model for regeneration studies. Understanding its reproductive development and establishing land-based culturing methods is pivotal for utilizing this species for experimental studies. Its reproduction cycle, spawning behavior, and developmental processes were therefore studied in both the field and the lab, and methods were developed for its culture in both open and closed water systems. Results Field surveys revealed that P. mytiligera’s natural recruitment period starts in summer (June) and ends in winter (December) when seawater temperature decreases. Laboratory experiments revealed that low temperature (21 °C) has a negative effect on its fertilization and development. Although spontaneous spawning events occur only between June and December, we were able to induce spawning under controlled conditions year-round by means of gradual changes in the environmental conditions. Spawning events, followed by larval development and metamorphosis, took place in ascidians maintained in either artificial or natural seawater facilities. P. mytiligera’s fast developmental process indicated its resemblance to other oviparous species, with the larvae initiating settlement and metamorphosis at about 12 h post-hatching, and reaching the juvenile stage 3 days later. Conclusions Polycarpa mytiligera can be induced to spawn in captivity year-round, independent of the natural reproduction season. The significant advantages of P. mytiligera as a model system for regenerative studies, combined with the detailed developmental data and culturing methods presented here, will contribute to future research addressing developmental and evolutionary questions, and promote the use of this species as an applicable model system for experimental studies.

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