Spawning induction, development and culturing of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera, an emerging model for regeneration studies

Gordon, Tal; Roth, Lachan; Caicci, Federico; Manni, Lucia; Shenkar, Noa

doi:10.1186/s12983-020-00365-x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…There were also attempts for inland culturing of other colonial ascidians, such as S. reptans (Sugino and Nakauchi 1987), and Didemnum vexillum (Fletcher and Forrest 2011;Rinkevich and Fidler 2014). Culturing systems have been established for four solitary species: C. robusta, C. intestinalis, H. roretzi, and recently, for P. mytiligera (Hendrickson et al 2004;Joly et al 2007;Li et al 2020;Gordon et al 2020).…”

Section: Animal Breeding Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Current Knowledge on Stem Cells in Ascidians</p>

Vanni¹,

Anselmi²,

Ballarin³

et al. 2022

Advances in Aquatic Invertebrate Stem Cell Research

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He is a member of the editorial board of the Invertebrate Survival Journal and the European Journal of Zoology, and is a founding member of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI). His main research interests are the evolution of innate immunity and the study of the cellular and molecular basis of immune responses in marine invertebrates, with particular reference to the role of hemocytes/coelomocytes in immune defense and, more generally, in the stress response. Most of his studies were carried out using the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri as a model organism. His interest in stem cells is directly related to their role in hematopoiesis, as they assure the continuous renewal of the circulating immunocytes of marine invertebrates. He is the chair of the COST Action 16203 MARISTEM "Stem cells of marine/aquatic invertebrates: from basic research to innovative applications" that supported the publication of this book. He is the author or co-author of more than 130 peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals, co-editor of scientific books, including "Lessons in immunity: from singlecell organisms to mammals" (Elsevier, 2016), and guest editor of Special Issues, including: "Ancient immunity. phylogenetic emergence of recognition-defence mechanisms" (Biology (Basel), 2020-2021).Baruch (Buki) Rinkevich has been a professor and senior scientist at the

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Section: Animal Breeding Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Current Knowledge on Stem Cells in Ascidians</p>

Vanni¹,

Anselmi²,

Ballarin³

et al. 2022

Advances in Aquatic Invertebrate Stem Cell Research

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“…Abilities Might Constitute a Pre-adaptation (Exaptation) Trait for a Colonial Life-Style P. mytiligera's reproduction and developmental processes resemble those of most solitary ascidians and no indication of asexual development has been found for this species (Gordon et al, 2020). However, its ability to create "clones following dissection led us to further question its phylogenetic position.…”

Section: P Mytiligera's High Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…P. mytiligera juveniles (3 months old, 5 ± 1 mm) were obtained from a breeding culture established at the IUI (Gordon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Animal Collection and Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All body parts were then labeled according to the relevant experiment. Regenerating and non-amputated control animals (n = 10) were maintained in an open water system with running seawater (Gordon et al, 2020) and photographed weekly for 40 days. Feeding was provided by the natural food particles entering the system via the water current.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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And Then There Were Three…: Extreme Regeneration Ability of the Solitary Chordate Polycarpa mytiligera

Gordon

Upadhyay

Manni

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Extensive regenerative ability is a common trait of animals capable of asexual development. The current study reveals the extraordinary regeneration abilities of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera. Dissection of a single individual into separate fragments along two body axes resulted in the complete regeneration of each fragment into an independent, functional individual. The ability of a solitary ascidian, incapable of asexual development, to achieve bidirectional regeneration and fully regenerate all body structures and organs is described here for the first time. Amputation initiated cell proliferation in proximity to the amputation line. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the close affinity of P. mytiligera to colonial species. This evolutionary proximity suggests the ability for regeneration as an exaptation feature for colonial lifestyle. P. mytiligera’s exceptional regenerative abilities and phylogenetic position highlight its potential to serve as a new comparative system for studies seeking to uncover the evolution of regeneration and coloniality among the chordates.

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“…The animals were maintained at the Eilat Inter-University Institute (IUI) in aquaria with running seawater for four days of acclimation prior to the onset of the experiments. P. mytiligera juveniles were obtained from a breeding culture established in the IUI as previously described 67 .…”

Section: Animal Collection and Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stemness activity underlying whole brain regeneration in a basal chordate

Gordon

Zaquin

Kowarsky

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Central nervous system (CNS) regeneration extent is highly diverse across the metazoans, with adult mammals demonstrating limited ability1,2. Understanding how neurons regenerate following injury remains a central challenge in regenerative medicine. Although conserved pathways associated with neural regeneration have been identified3,4, a study describing the stepwise morphogenetic changes that take place throughout a complete CNS regeneration is lacking. Utilizing the highly regenerative tunicate model Polycarpa mytiligera5, we characterized the morphological, cell proliferation, and transcriptomic dynamics that lead to entire CNS regeneration. The regenerated CNS of adult P. mytiligera expressed key neurodevelopmental markers that are not otherwise present in the adult CNS. Removal of the entire CNS resulted in high cell proliferation in the regenerated area. Transcriptome analysis revealed enhanced stem- cell related gene activity, with high expression of P53 and piRNA pathways preceding the activation of Notch, Wnt, and Nanos pathways. The CNS regeneration atlas created here depicts the transcriptomic landscape of the entire CNS regeneration process, revealing the core pathways that regulate neuronal response to injury, and the regeneration stage at which they are most pronounced. The molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling regenerative capacity that this atlas reveals could be used to develop approaches to enhancing neurogenesis in closely-related chordate species, including humans.

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Spawning induction, development and culturing of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera, an emerging model for regeneration studies

Cited by 14 publications

References 79 publications

<p>Current Knowledge on Stem Cells in Ascidians</p>

<p>Current Knowledge on Stem Cells in Ascidians</p>

And Then There Were Three…: Extreme Regeneration Ability of the Solitary Chordate Polycarpa mytiligera

Stemness activity underlying whole brain regeneration in a basal chordate

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