Growth of soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material

Seiderer, Tanya; Venter, Andrew D.; Wyk, Fanus Van; Levanets, Anatoliy; Jordaan, Anine

doi:10.17159/sajs.2017/20160384

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Lloyd P. Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al (2017) They reported the pyrites content as <5%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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HOW TO CITE:Lloyd P. Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al (2017) They reported the pyrites content as <5%.It is known that, under the conditions on tailings dams, pyrites oxidise and generate acid. This process is dynamic; it starts when the soil pH is less than about 5 and continues until most of the pyrite in the upper few metres has oxidised.

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Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al. (2017)

Lloyd¹

2018

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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HOW TO CITE:Lloyd P. Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al. (2017) They reported the pyrites content as <5%.It is known that, under the conditions on tailings dams, pyrites oxidise and generate acid. This process is dynamic; it starts when the soil pH is less than about 5 and continues until most of the pyrite in the upper few metres has oxidised. Thus their suggested process is most unlikely to prove sustainable. The ongoing production of acidity would have destroyed the colonies first established.In the early years of the Vegetation Unit established by the Chamber of Mines, attempts were made to vegetate slimes dams soon after placement. In spite of intensive liming, soil acidity would increase. Experiments showed a direct correlation between the amount of residual pyrite in the tailings and the quantity of lime required to ensure sustained vegetative cover. As long as there was more than about 0.2% m/m pyrites in the material, acid was generated and the growth of vegetation negatively affected.An additional phenomenon was a rise in acidity during the dry season. This rise was traced to evaporation and concentration of the acidity in the near surface moisture. There were strikingly different depth profiles of acidity at the end of summer and the end of winter.The root cause was the arrival of Thiobacillus. For about a year after placement, the tailings were essentially sterile, and slightly alkaline. As things like the residual cyanide were oxidised, the pH started to drop, and at a soil pH of about 5 the thiobacilli became very active. Then the pH dropped rapidly, and remained low. Few other microbial species were present while the thiobacilli were active.Thiobacillus required oxygen. In sand dumps, diffusional processes and permeability to oxygen-saturated rain meant that oxidation took place throughout the depth of the tailings. But in the slimes, which comprise the majority of the tailings, the fine size (<75 µm) slowed both diffusion and penetration by rain, and oxidation proceeded very slowly more than about 50 cm below surface. The mechanism by which oxygen found its way into the depth of the slimes was finally identified as the expansion and contraction of the gas trapped inside the tailings as the barometric pressure varied. Gas emerging from the slimes when a low-pressure system passed over the tailings could be as low as 3% oxygen.The arrival of the thiobacilli was associated with an increase in the fixed nitrogen content of the soil. At that stage, it was not known that the thiobacilli were nitrogen-fixers. The Porton microbiological unit in the UK proved that nitrogen fixation was indeed taking place. 2These findings enabled procedures to be developed to ensure sustainable growth on tailings. The Vegetation Unit would not attempt to grass tailings until most of the pyrite had been oxidised by the bacteria. A small amount of lime would be added, and the site would then be sprayed continually with water for several weeks to drive the residual acid de...

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“…Lloyd P. Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al (2017) They reported the pyrites content as <5%.…”

Section: How To Citementioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al. (2017)

Lloyd¹

2018

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“…The forest and herbaceous ecosystems have different abilities to influence the formation of their internal phytocenotic environment and the composition of the organisms that inhabit them [2][3][4][5]. The various studies have shown the specific features of algal communities in forest, steppe, desert, and other ecosystems [6][7][8][9][10][11]. This is consistent with the definition of the essence of the ecosystem, 1049 (2022) 012072 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012072 2 where it is represented by a set of interconnected organisms that function in the same territory and interact with the environment in such a way that the flow of energy forms clearly defined biotic structures and the circulation of substances between the living and nonliving components.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecological determinants of algal communities of different types of ecosystems

Maltseva

Shcherbyna

Yakoviichuk

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The results of studies of the environmental regularities of the formation of algal communities in soils of various ecosystems in the south of Ukraine are presented. 26 forest, 11 steppe and 3 saline ecosystems were investigated. The research has established the species richness of algae in each ecosystem and produced a multidimensional ordination of algal communities based on the analysis of the main components to clarify the factors that determine the composition of algal communities. The research has established the species richness of algae in each ecosystem and produced a multidimensional ordination of algal communities based on the analysis of the main components to clarify the factors that determine the composition of algal communities. Predictors determined by edaphic conditions and phytocenotic interactions associated primarily with edificators of ecosystems were used for the analysis. The ecological space of the studied ecosystems was formed by four main factors with eigenvalues greater than one, which explained 81.4% of the total variance. PC1 (34.82% of variance) is associated with the type of ecosystem and such edaphic parameters as pH, the availability of moisture in the habitat, and soil mineralization. PC2 (21.98%) reflects changes in the gradients of trophicity (humus content) and granulometric composition of soils. PC3 and PC4 additionally explain 16.04% and 9.27% of the total data variance, respectively. Their values mainly depend on the mineralization, trophicity, and moisture supply of edaphotopes, which, at the level of the composition of algae, is obviously associated with the heterogeneity of the ecological preferences of the algal species themselves, as well as the variability of ecological niches of ecosystems, due to which there are species more typical for other types of ecosystems in the communities. The use of the factor rotation procedure by the Varimax normalized method made it possible to concretize the taxa most associated with the main components: PC1 indicates the various Cyanobacteria species, PC2 – Chlorophyta, Streptophyta and Eustigmatophyceae, PC3 – Xanthophyceae and Euglenozoa, PC4 – Bacillariophyceae.

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“…Metal solution utilizing For the first set of experiments and screening of the strains, gold pure solution (3.5 ppm) were utilized. For the second set of experiment, Mouteh goldmine soil containing (2 ppm) Au 3+ in 1000 Litter culture medium was used.Inocoulation of cyanobacteria 300 gr soils inoculated with 0.5 gr Phormidium tenue and Oscillatoria tenuis separately(Seiderer et al, 2017). The physico-chemical characteristics of the soil, before and after the inoculation of soil were determined during two weeks.…”

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Gold Bioaccumulation by Filamentous Soil Cyanobacteria isolated from Mouteh Goldmine (Isfahan Province, Iran)

Sodaiezade

2020

JPR

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This study was aimed to investigate the possible exploitation of phototrophic microorganisms for the oxidation of Au 3+ containing composites as well as recovery and bioaccumulation of Au 3+ from Mouteh goldmine soil samples. Mechanisms of accumulation including oxidation, dissolution, reduction, leaching and sorption were investigated. After 3 weeks of cyanobacterial growth, gold bioaccumulation from Mouteh gold mine soil solution were determined. Then biomass digested with acidic solutions and subsequently gold amounts were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Soil sample with 2 ppm Au 3+ containing composites ore from Mouteh goldmine were collected. At the end of experiments, the concentration of gold in biomass was almost 6.5 ppm. Results indicated that two soil cyanobacteria species from Mouteh goldmine could bind gold in gold bio-mining process. Bioaccumulation percent was 32% and 30% for tenue Gomont and Osillatoria tenuis C. Agardh ex Gomont respectively. Cyanobacterial gold accumulation were determined 6.5 gr/kg biomass dried weight.

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Growth of soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al. (2017)

Soil algae and cyanobacteria on gold mine tailings material: Comments on Seiderer et al. (2017)

Ecological determinants of algal communities of different types of ecosystems

Gold Bioaccumulation by Filamentous Soil Cyanobacteria isolated from Mouteh Goldmine (Isfahan Province, Iran)

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