Growth of organic thin films by the matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique

Piqué, Alberto; McGill, R. Andrew; Chrisey, Douglas B.; Leonhardt, D.; Mslna, T.E.; Spargo, Barry J.; Callahan, John H.; Vachet, Richard W.; Chung, R.; Bucaro, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00376-x

Cited by 199 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…3.11. The elongated liquid structures that eventually separate from the target can be stabilized by evaporative cooling in the expanding plume and can reach the substrate in matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) film deposition technique [175][176][177], contributing to the roughness of the deposited films [178][179][180][181][182] (see Chap. 9 of this book for a detailed discussion of MAPLE).…”

Section: Phase Explosion and Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions

Zhigilei

Lin

Ivanov

et al. 2009

Laser-Surface Interactions for New Materials Production

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Summary. Molecular/atomic-level computer modeling of laser-materials interactions is playing an increasingly important role in the investigation of complex and highly nonequilibrium processes involved in short-pulse laser processing and surface modification. This chapter provides an overview of recent progress in the development of computational methods for simulation of laser interactions with organic materials and metals. The capabilities, advantages, and limitations of the molecular dynamics simulation technique are discussed and illustrated by representative examples. The results obtained in the investigations of the laser-induced generation and accumulation of crystal defects, mechanisms of laser melting, photomechanical effects and spallation, as well as phase explosion and massive material removal from the target (ablation) are outlined and related to the irradiation conditions and properties of the target material. The implications of the computational predictions for practical applications, as well as for the theoretical description of the laser-induced processes are discussed. IntroductionShort-pulse lasers are used in a diverse range of applications, from advanced materials processing, cutting, drilling, and surface micro-and nanostructuring [1,2] to pulsed-laser deposition of thin films and coatings [3], laser surgery [4,5], and artwork restoration [6,7], and to the exploration of the conditions for inertial confinement fusion, with the world's most energetic laser system being built at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [8]. At the fundamental science level, short-pulse laser irradiation has the ability to bring material into a highly nonequilibrium state and provides a unique opportunity to probe the material behavior under extreme conditions. In particular, optical pump-probe experiments have been used to investigate transient changes in the electronic structure of the irradiated surface with high (often subpicosecond) temporal resolution [9][10][11][12][13], whereas recent advances in time-resolved X-ray and electron diffraction

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Section: Phase Explosion and Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions

Zhigilei

Lin

Ivanov

et al. 2009

Laser-Surface Interactions for New Materials Production

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“…This technique is also derived from PLD method; Piqué et al [41] mentioned that this technique was first introduced by Epstein in 1997 [42]. MAPLE has the advantage that it can process soft materials (organics) that could not be transferred by other techniques because there is the risk that takes place-a decomposition of the materials.…”

Section: Matrix-assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (Maple)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Prepared Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Socol¹,

Socol²,

Preda³

et al. 2017

Nanoscaled Films and Layers

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Laser techniques such as pulsed laser deposition, combinatorial pulsed laser deposition, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation were used to deposit thin films for optoelectronic applications. High-quality transparent conductor oxide films ITO, AZO, and IZO were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate by PLD, an important experimental parameter being the target-substrate distance. The TCO films present a high transparency (>95%) and a reduced electrical resistivity (5 × 10 −4 Ωcm) characteristics very useful for their integration in the flexible electronics. In x Zn 1−x O films with a compositional library were obtained by CPLD. These films are featured by a high optical transmission (>95%), the lowest resistivity (8.6 × 10 −4 Ωcm) being observed for an indium content of about 44-49 at.%. Organic heterostructures based on arylenevinylene oligomers (P78 and P13) or arylene polymers (AMC16 and AMC22) were obtained by MAPLE. In the case of ITO/P78/Alq3/Al heterostructures, a higher current value is obtained when the film thickness increases. Also, a photovoltaic effect was observed for heterostructures based on AMC16 or AMC22 deposited on ITO covered by a thin layer of PEDOT:PSS. Due to their optical and electrical properties, such organic heterostructures can be interesting for the organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) applications.

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“…However, emulsion-based resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) is a promising deposition technology for the fabrication of polymer-based optoelectronic devices for two primary reasons: (i) the ability to control film morphology; and (ii) the ability to deposit multi-layered heterostructures [6][7][8][9][10]. The novelty of the emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE approach, compared to alternative MAPLE implementations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], is that the ideal growth regime, i.e., strong laser absorption by the host matrix and little to no laser absorption by the guest material, can be achieved for almost any polymer, even though most polymers of interest and many compatible solvents do not resonantly absorb the Er:YAG laser energy at 2.94 μm. This challenge is overcome due to the target emulsion in which a secondary solvent and deionized water, both rich in O-H bonds that are resonant with the Er:YAG laser energy, are added to the polymer solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Emulsion-Based Resonant Infrared Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) on the Molecular Weight of Polymers

2012

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Abstract:The molecular weight of a polymer determines key optoelectronic device characteristics, such as internal morphology and charge transport. Therefore, it is important to ensure that polymer deposition techniques do not significantly alter the native polymer molecular weight. This work addresses polymers deposited by resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). By using a novel emulsion-based target technique, the deposition of smooth, contiguous films with no evidence of chemical degradation have been enabled. However, structural degradation via a reduction in molecular weight remains an open question. The common polymer standard, PMMA, and the optoelectronic polymers, P3HT and MEH-PPV, have been characterized before and after emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE deposition via gel permeation chromatography to determine if RIR-MAPLE affects the deposited polymer molecular weight. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements have also been conducted to verify the absence of chemical degradation. These measurements verify that there is no chemical degradation of the polymers, and that PMMA and P3HT show no structural degradation, but MEH-PPV exhibits a halving of the weight-averaged molecular weight after RIR-MAPLE deposition. Compared with competing laser deposition techniques, RIR-MAPLE is shown to have the least effect on the molecular weight of the resulting thin films. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2012, 4 342

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Growth of organic thin films by the matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique

Cited by 199 publications

References 12 publications

Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions

Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions

Laser Prepared Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Effects of Emulsion-Based Resonant Infrared Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) on the Molecular Weight of Polymers

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