Growth of Muscle Fibre in the Fœtal Sheep

Joubert, D. M.

doi:10.1038/175936a0

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In particular, the underweight juvenile tree shrew had kinematic parameters more similar to younger individuals of the same body mass than to individuals of its age group. Similar results were found in Rattus norvegicus and Ovis aries (Yamaguchi et al, 1993;Joubert, 1955) and this is consistent with the work of Portmann (1965), who pointed out that time is not an appropriate variable to choose when comparing developmental stages.…”

Section: Reproductive Biologysupporting

confidence: 85%

Ontogenetic development of locomotion in small mammals - a kinematic study

Schilling

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Comparative studies of locomotion indicate that limb design and performance are very similar in adult mammals of small to medium size. The present study was undertaken to test whether basic therian limb pattern is present during postnatal development. Kinematic data were collected from juveniles of two eutherian species in a cross-sectional study, using cinevideography. The tree shrew Tupaia glis and the cui Galea musteloides were selected because of their different reproductive strategies, which could result in differences in the development of locomotor abilities. The aims of this study were to describe the process by which young animals develop the adult pattern of locomotion and the extent to which this process varies in two species with very different postnatal ontogenies. Despite their different life histories, the development of kinematic parameters in the altricial tree shrew and the precocial cui are surprisingly similar. General limb design, performance, and timing of segment and joint movements in the young animals were similar to adults in both species, even from the first steps. Touch-down of the forelimb occurred at the position below the eye in all individuals and limb position was highly standardized at touch-down; no major changes in segment and joint angles were observed. Significant changes occurred at lift-off. With increasing body mass, limb segments rotated more caudally, which resulted in larger limb excursions and relatively longer steps. Developmental changes in locomotor abilities were similar in both species; only the time necessary to reach the adult performance was different. Despite the widely assumed maturity of locomotor abilities in precocial young, the first steps of the cui juveniles were not similar to the movements of adults. The adult locomotor pattern was reached within the first postnatal week in the cui and by the time they leave the nest in the tree shrew (39 days after birth; individual P39). These results suggest that during the evolution of precocial development only processes independent of exercise or gravity can be shifted into the intrauterine period. However, development of locomotor ability dependents on exercise, and adjustments and training occur during growth. Therefore, only the time necessary to reach maturity was clearly shortened in the precocial juvenile relative to the ancestral altricial condition.

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Section: Reproductive Biologysupporting

confidence: 85%

Ontogenetic development of locomotion in small mammals - a kinematic study

Schilling

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This suggests that the mechanisms underlying the presence of particular fibre characteristics and fibre types in marsupial muscle could be similar to those which control fibre characteristics and their distribution of other mammals. This is supported by results which showed that the differentiation of embryonic muscle fibres in post-natal quokkas (Setonix brachyurus (Macropodidae)) (Bridge & Allbrook, 1970) was similar to that observed in fetal sheep (Joubert, 1955). Marsupials are born virtually as embryos and weigh many thousands times less than they do as adults (Hill & Hill, 1955;Bridge & Allbrook, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Calcium and strontium activation characteristics of skeletal muscle fibres from the small marsupialSminthopsis macroura

Wilson

Stephenson

1990

J Muscle Res Cell Motil

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Mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres from the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of the small marsupial Sminthopsis macroura were activated by Ca2+ and Sr2+ so that their isometric force properties could be determined. The properties characterized were the shape, slope and positions of the curves generated by plotting isometric force vs. pCa (-log10[Ca2+]) and pSr (-log10[Sr2+]), the maximum Ca2(+)-activated and Sr2(+)-activated tension (Ncm-2) and the frequency of force oscillations of myofibrillar origin during submaximal activations. The effect of caffeine on force activation was also studied. Apart from the fibres which exhibited physiological characteristics similar to those observed previously in mammalian fibres, a large proportion of fibres exhibited characteristics or combinations of characteristics which have not previously been described from healthy adult mammals. The results from 32 soleus fibres showed that only 23 could be categorized as either typical fast-twitch or slow-twitch fibres. The rest possessed unusual physiological characteristics which suggested the co-existence in the same fibre of Ca2(+)-regulatory and contractile properties from different categories of fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibres. We could distinguish two major fast twitch populations of tibialis anterior fibres which occurred in similar proportions. There were significant differences in the maximum tension produced by some of these groups of fibres. The tibialis anterior population fibres produced the highest maximum tension (ToCa 44.6 +/- 4.6 Ncm-2, n = 7) while the soleus combined type fibres produced the lowest maximum tension (ToCa 18.1 +/- 2.1 Ncm-2, n = 8). Our physiological observations of the Ca2(+)-activation and Sr2(+)-activation properties of soleus fibres in this study provide new evidence that there can be combinations of characteristics in single fibres and a continuum of properties between fibre types in normal mammalian skeletal muscles. These animals can therefore be used as a source of fibres with a wide range of properties.

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“…The cells of temporalis, a striated muscle, do not divide after birth (Joubert, 1955; Pearson, 1990) and post‐natal growth occurs through the hypertrophy of existing muscle fibers. While their total number remains constant (Rowe & Goldspink, 1969) multiple enzymal and hormonal pathways (Schiaffino et al, 2013) control the protein synthesis needed to increase both the number of myofibrils within each muscle fibre and, through addition of sarcomeres to their ends, their length (Pearson, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the growth of temporalis muscle: A 3D CT imaging study

et al. 2020

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This study investigates the hypothesis that there is, during childhood, a disproportionate age-related expansion of the origin of temporalis muscle compared to the growth of the underlying skull. Lateral projections of 50 randomly selected 3D reformatted computerized tomographic (CT) scans (yielding 100 temporalis muscles) of children aged >0.6 to 15 years scanned for conditions that did not affect the shape of their head or face were windowed to provide the optimum delineation of temporalis muscle against the underlying bone. Vertical and anterior-posterior measurements of the muscle made independently by two observers were compared with those of the skull along the same planes. The development of the anterior temporal crest was also assessed. The intraclass correlation coefficient for differences in the measurements made by each observer ranged from good to excellent. The muscle and skull measurements were used to produce a ratio of muscle-to-skull lengths in both vertical and horizontal planes. Analysis of these ratios showed a statistically significant increase in the vertical reach of temporalis with age (Pearson correlation coefficient (R) =0.7826; p < 0.05) compared to the growth of the skull along the planes chosen for the study-but less so for its horizontal reach (R = 0.5073. p < .001). There were no significant differences between right/left or male/female measurements. There was also a substantial level of agreement between both observers in their assessment of the development of the temporal crest. The mean age of children in whom a fully formed temporal crest could be identified (10.6 years) was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than that of the 38 remaining subjects (6.0 years). These results confirm that there is, in response to increased masticatory/dietary demands during childhood, a disproportionate increase in the vertical and (to a lesser extent) horizontal reach of temporalis muscle over its origin from the temporal, frontal, sphenoid, and parietal bones compared the growth of the skull. It is proposed that surgical interference with this normal process is responsible for the soft tissue component of late-developing deformity that can occur following early (at 6-18 months of age) operations for the correction of trigonocephalic head shape associated with metopic synostosis.

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Growth of Muscle Fibre in the Fœtal Sheep

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Ontogenetic development of locomotion in small mammals - a kinematic study

Ontogenetic development of locomotion in small mammals - a kinematic study

Calcium and strontium activation characteristics of skeletal muscle fibres from the small marsupialSminthopsis macroura

Observations on the growth of temporalis muscle: A 3D CT imaging study

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