Growth of cultured calf aortic smooth muscle cells on cardiovascular prosthetic materials

Eskin, Suzanne G.; Armeniades, C. D.; Lie, J.T.; Trevino, L.; Kennedy, John H.

doi:10.1002/jbm.820100111

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…23 Parylene-C has also demonstrated high stability in vivo for a variety of applications, such as cardiovascular implants. 24,25 Furthermore, parylene-C is a potentially useful material for in vitro cell culture studies. For example, we have developed the use of parylene-C stencils for patterning cells and proteins and for generation of cocultures with control over the degree of homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell and Protein Compatibility of Parylene-C Surfaces

et al. 2007

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Parylene-C, which is traditionally used to coat implantable devices, has emerged as a promising material to generate miniaturized devices due to its unique mechanical properties and inertness. In this paper we compared the surface properties and cell and protein compatibility of parylene-C relative to other commonly used BioMEMS materials. We evaluated the surface hydrophobicity and roughness of parylene-C and compared these results to those of tissue culture-treated polystyrene, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and glass. We also treated parylene-C and PDMS with air plasma, and coated the surfaces with fibronectin to demonstrate that biochemical treatments modify the surface properties of parylene-C. Although plasma treatment caused both parylene-C and PDMS to become hydrophilic, only parylene-C substrates retained their hydrophilic properties over time. Furthermore, parylene-C substrates display a higher degree of nanoscale surface roughness (>20 nm) than the other substrates. We also examined the level of BSA and IgG protein adsorption on various surfaces and found that surface plasma treatment decreased the degree of protein adsorption on both PDMS and parylene-C substrates. After testing the degree of cell adhesion and spreading of two mammalian cell types, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and AML-12 hepatocytes, we found that the adhesion of both cell types to surface-treated parylene-C variants were comparable to standard tissue culture substrates, such as polystyrene. Overall, these results indicate that parylene-C, along with its surface-treated variants, could potentially be a useful material for fabricating cell-based microdevices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell and Protein Compatibility of Parylene-C Surfaces

et al. 2007

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“…The type‐C parylene is the polymer form of the low‐molecular‐weight dimer of para‐chloro‐xylylene 20. Parylene‐C is a biocompatible polymer21 that is widely used in biomedical coatings. The chemical formula of the parylene‐C monomer is C 8 H 7 Cl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblast cell attachment and growth on nanoengineered sculptured thin films

Demirel

Ritty

et al. 2006

J Biomed Mater Res

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Nanoengineered parylene-C sculptured thin films (STFs) are deposited on glass and silicon substrates using a direct one-step growth technique. The deposited STFs support fibroblast cell attachment and proliferation in vitro, which is an early indication of biocompatibility and bioactivity of this emerging class of biomaterials. Surface modification of endoprostheses of the small joints of the hand, which heal with fibrous stabilization, may be greatly enhanced by such nanoengineered biomaterials.

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“…Experiments were carried out on human umbili cal vein endothelial cells in the second passage and bovine aortic endothelial cells in the fifth through tenth passages. Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured from explants as described 22 and used in the fourth through seventh passages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic Effects on Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

Eskin¹,

McIntire²

1988

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Hemodynamics is the field of fluid mechanics concerned with quantitating the forces generated by blood flow and pressure on interactions between the blood and the vessel wall. It has been recognized for many years that these mechanical forces have localizing effects in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The evidence for this is the focal nature of atherosclerotic lesions 1 and adherent thrombi, 2 which correlate with regions of hemodynamic disturbance. 3 Support for the hypothesis that mechanical forces are initiating factors comes from the fact that veins develop lesions when subjected to arterial flow and pressure, clinically and experimentally applied through arteriovenous fistulas. 4 ' 5 Both regions of high and low shear stress have been implicated in atherogenesis. The local rate of change of stress may be as important as the absolute level.Hemodynamic forces are of two types: flow and pressure. Blood flow gives rise to shear stress, a force per unit area tangential to the vessel surface. The mechanical effects of the pressure pulse are (1) forces normal to the vessel wall arising from the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients (that is, the endothelial cells may experience greater pressures on their lumenal than on their sublumenal sides); and (2) cyclic circumferential strain resulting from the radial deformation of the vessel wall with each cardiac cycle.Shear stress is considered to be the major hemodynamic factor in initiating cardiovascular injury. 6 The wall shear stress is proportional to the product of the volumetric flow rate and viscosity divided by the cube of the vessel radius. Thus, radius is very important in determining the force exerted on a vessel wall.A vessel 10 mm in diameter with a flow rate of 100 ml/min experiences an eight-fold lower shear stress than a 5 mm vessel with the same flow rate. In vivo, arteries experience pulsatile laminar shear stresses and pulsatile pressures. Turbulent flow is very unusual and may not occur in the normal human circulation. Where bifurcations, adherent thrombi, or raised lesions occur in the vasculature, the streamlines of the laminar flow become disturbed, and areas of recirculation containing vortices may be generated, which can serve to concentrate the products of platelet activation and coagulation factors. 7 Thus, most of the arterial circulation may be characterized by pulsatile laminar shear stress, which may have quite strong secondary flow components. Shear stress levels in vivo are estimated to be in the range of 1 to 200 dynes/cm 2 . 8What is of interest in the present context is the influence of these forces on the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall. Studying pure cultures of these cells in devices designed to subject the cells to controlled hemodynamic forces will elucidate the relative contribution of such variables to cell function. We are investigating the responses of cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells to steady and pulsatile laminar shear stress and cyclic circumferential strain.Several responses of end...

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Growth of cultured calf aortic smooth muscle cells on cardiovascular prosthetic materials

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Cell and Protein Compatibility of Parylene-C Surfaces

Cell and Protein Compatibility of Parylene-C Surfaces

Fibroblast cell attachment and growth on nanoengineered sculptured thin films

Hemodynamic Effects on Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

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