Growth of amorphous carbon nanotube from poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and ferrous chloride

Electron microscopy characterization of nanostructured carbon obtained from chlorination of metallocenes and metal carbides

“…From these nanospheres hollow carbon nanobags emerge trapping sometimes FeCl 2 inside. It may be concluded the possibility of carbon transport in vapour phase by FeCl 3 , as it was suggested elsewhere (Nishino et al, 2003).…”

“…Most recently, new ways of producing CNTs (both crystalline and amorphous) and other carbon nanostructures, such as nanospheres or nanowires, have been developed, involving several organic molecules as carbon sources or alternative processing methods. In the case of amorphous CNTs, some examples of these new preparation strategies can be pyrolysis of acetylene (Sui et al, 2001) or ethylene (Yang et al, 2003) confined in porous aluminium oxide templates, reaction between poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (Nishino et al, 2003) or the mass production of amorphous CNTs by the floating catalyst method (Ci et al, 2003).…”

Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanomaterials: A review

“…The decomposed products, either in liquid or gaseous phases, serve as carbon sources for the growth of CNTs on the catalysts. Polymers, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl chlorine (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbosilane (PCS), phenol formaldehyde (PF), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. have been studied using this method (Table ).…”

“…have been studied using this method (Table ). Various catalysts have been examined, including transition metals in either elemental form (nickel, iron, etc) or in chemical compound form (nickel oxides, ferrocene, ferrous chloride, cobalt acetate, etc.) among others.…”

Synthesis of Ultrafine Carbon Black by Pyrolysis of Polymers Using a Direct Current Thermal Plasma Process

“…The synthesis of carbon materials from polymers has been reported. Polymeric materials such as PE [18], polyvinyl alcohol [19], polypropylene [20], polytetraflouoroethyene [21] and polycarbosilane [22], polyolefins [23] have been used to produce CNTs by the catalytic pyrolysis. There are two obvious benefits using polymers as carbon precursors for synthesis of carbon black, one transforming polymers into a highly valuable carbon black, the other, providing novel and potential avenue to efficient reuse of waste plastics.…”