Growth morphology of the filtering apparatus of silver carp (Hypohthalmichthys molitrix)

Jirásek, J.; Hampl, A; Sirotek, David

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(81)90108-3

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, we have to emphasize that we used relatively large fish in our study (see Table I). The food selectivity and feeding habits of smaller bigheaded carps may be different than those of the older and bigger individuals, as the morphology and mesh-size of gill rakers undergo some changes as the fish grows (Jirásek et al, 1981;Hampl et al, 1983). A good example for this is that all bigheaded carps start feeding on zooplankton after hatching and then switch to a mixed (phytoplankton and zooplankton) or phytoplankton-based diet as the ontogeny proceeds (Kolar et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2015) 416, 36 structure), in contrast to the gill rakers of silver carps that are fused and form a sponge-like apparatus (Kolar et al, 2007). In addition, there is a difference between the two species in the ratio between the area of filtering (gill raker) and respiratory (gill filaments) parts of the epibranchial organs; this ratio is about 1:1 in bighead carps, and varies between 2:1 and 3:1 in silver carps (Jirásek et al, 1981;Kolar et al, 2007). However, hybrid individuals often exhibit mixed morphological features, and gill rakers of hybrids are usually intermediate in their development between the two species (Kolar et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between gill raker morphology and feeding habits of hybrid bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthysspp.)

Battonyai

Specziár

Vitál

et al. 2015

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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Key-words:bigheaded carp, gill raker morphology, filter-feeding, food size, plankton Bigheaded carps and especially silver carp have been considered as an effective biological control for algal blooms, thus were introduced to several countries in the last decades, including Hungary. Our aim was to explore the feeding habits of bigheaded carps in Lake Balaton (Hungary), where the stock consists mainly of hybrids (silver carp × bighead carp). We examined the relationship between filtering apparatus (gill raker) morphology and size-distribution of planktonic organisms in the food. We failed to find any significant relationship between gill raker parameters and plankton composition in the filtered material. Bigheaded carps with various types of gill rakers consumed food within the same size-spectrum, independently of the rate of hybridization. However, the linkage between the proportion of different planktonic size classes in the water and in the diet of fish was detectable in case of both phytoplankton and zooplankton consumption, suggesting that the seasonally variable availability of different food items was an important factor in determining the food composition of bigheaded carps. We can deduce that bigheaded carps consume high amounts of zooplankton to meet their energy requirements, and the diet overlap among bigheaded carps and other planktivores may exert negative effects on native fish populations. RÉSUMÉRelation entre la morphologie des branchiospines et les habitudes alimentaires d'hybrides de carpes à grosse tête (Hypophthalmichthys spp) Mots-clés :carpe à grosse tête, La carpe à grosse tête et en particulier la carpe argentée ont été considérées comme un moyen de contrôle biologique efficace contre la prolifération des algues, ainsi elles ont été introduites dans plusieurs pays dans les dernières dé-cennies, dont la Hongrie. Notre objectif était d'étudier les habitudes alimentaires des carpes à grosse tête dans le lac Balaton (Hongrie), où le stock se compose principalement d'hybrides (carpe argentée × carpe à grosse tête). Nous avons

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between gill raker morphology and feeding habits of hybrid bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthysspp.)

Battonyai

Specziár

Vitál

et al. 2015

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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“…Adult silver carp are filter feeders (Lu and Xie 2001) with specialized gill rakers that form a sponge-like filtering apparatus (Jirasek et al 1981) and pharyngeal teeth that grind food against a cartilaginous plate (Robison and Buchanan 1988). This species also has a suprabranchial organ that produces large amounts of mucus that consolidate small particles (Spataru 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking silver carp habitat selection to flow and phytoplankton in the Mississippi River

2011

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Invasive silver carp (Hypothalmichthys molitrix) occurs throughout much of the Mississippi River and threatens the Laurentian Great Lakes. To quantify habitat selection relative to river flow and potential phytoplankton food, 77 adult silver carp were implanted with ultrasonic transmitters during spring 2008 through spring 2009 in adjacent upstream dammed and downstream undammed reaches (48 km total) of the Mississippi River. Sixty-seven percent of the fish were located. Selection of major river habitat features (dammed vs. undammed, backwaters, channel border, wing dikes, island side channels, and the main channel) was quantified. Flow rates and chlorophyll a concentration were compared between silver carp locations and random sites. Foregut chlorophyll a concentrations plus presence of macrozooplankton and detritus of 240 non-tagged silver carp were quantified. About 30% of silver carp moved upstream into the dammed reach, where average flow was slower and chlorophyll a concentration was higher. Silver carp selected wing dike areas of moderate flow (about 0.3 m/s) and elevated chlorophyll a (about 7 lg/L) relative to random sites. No silver carp occurred in areas where flow was absent. Wing dikes were preferred while the main channel was avoided. Chlorophyll a concentrations in guts were positively related to temperature and were unrelated to flow or river chlorophyll a concentration. Macrozooplankton and detritus were rare in guts. Silver carp seek areas of low flow and successfully forage across a range of temperatures, flows, and chlorophyll a concentrations that occur in rivers and large lakes.

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“…Although the goal was to have equal numbers of fish per species per sampling event (n = 20), environmental constraints (i.e., abnormally high water levels) limited the number of fish captured. The number of animals evaluated was nonetheless consistent with those typically used for morphometric comparison of microscopic structures (Jirásek et al 1981;Hampl et al 1983;Rajadhyaksha et al 1995;Coolidge et al 2008;Kumari et al 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Gill Rakers of Gizzard Shad and Silver Carp in Three Midwestern Rivers

Walleser

Sandheinrich

Howard

et al. 2014

N American J Fish Manag

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Improved management of invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the upper Mississippi River basin may be possible by better understanding the feeding abilities of this population. Food collection for filter‐feeding fishes, such as Silver Carp, is influenced by the species‐specific structure of their gill rakers. To investigate structural variation in gill rakers of Silver Carp, the morphology of gill rakers was quantified and compared with that of a native filter‐feeding fish species which may compete with Silver Carp for food resources, Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum. Intra‐ and interspecies variation of gill rakers was examined in both species collected from three locations among four months. Interspecies analysis indicated the size of pores in gill rakers of Silver Carp were much larger than the interraker spacings of Gizzard Shad (95% CI ranged from 80.69 to 185.75 μm versus 16.72 to 47.36 μm, respectively). Intraspecies variation of gill rakers from Silver Carp was related to the overall size of fish and occurred only among sites where dissimilar sizes of fish were collected. This suggested the size of particles filtered by Silver Carp may be dependent upon ontogenic development rather than phenotypic plasticity in response to spatial or temporal factors. Intraspecies variation of gill rakers from Gizzard Shad occurred among site and monthly sampling data; however, variation was only attributable to overall size of fish for monthly sampling data. This suggested ontogeny may influence the filter‐feeding ability of this species within a habitat. However, variation noted among sites, which was not attributable to size of fish, may indicate gill rakers are phenotypically plastic among Gizzard Shad populations of various river systems of the upper Mississippi River basin.Received January 16, 2014; accepted April 13, 2014

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Growth morphology of the filtering apparatus of silver carp (Hypohthalmichthys molitrix)

Cited by 17 publications

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Relationship between gill raker morphology and feeding habits of hybrid bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthysspp.)

Relationship between gill raker morphology and feeding habits of hybrid bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthysspp.)

Linking silver carp habitat selection to flow and phytoplankton in the Mississippi River

Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Gill Rakers of Gizzard Shad and Silver Carp in Three Midwestern Rivers

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