Growth modes and chiral selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

He, Maoshuai; Magnin, Yann; Jiang, Hua; Amara, Hakim; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Loiseau, Annick; Bichara, Christophe

doi:10.1039/c7nr09539b

Cited by 73 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Alloying these metals with ruthenium is expected to lower the carbon solubility limit (at 700 • C carbon solubility in bulk ruthenium is around 0.15 at. % [40]) and therefore to favor the tangential growth mode according to [39] and to increase the melting temperature [41,42] such as to maintain the alloy NPs in a solid state at the CVD growth temperatures. We therefore anticipate that employing these alloys foster a tangential growth mode on a solid catalyst.…”

Section: A Nanoparticle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

et al. 2019

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Recent advances in structural control during the synthesis of SWCNTs have in common the use of bimetallic nanoparticles as catalysts, despite the fact that their exact role is not fully understood. We therefore analyze the effect of the catalyst's chemical composition on the structure of the resulting SWCNTs by comparing three bimetallic catalysts (FeRu, CoRu and NiRu). A specific synthesis protocol is designed to impede the catalyst nanoparticle coalescence mechanisms and stabilize their diameter distributions throughout the growth. Owing to the ruthenium component which has a limited carbon solubility, tubes grow in tangential mode and their diameter is close to that of their seeding nanoparticle. By using as-synthesized SWCNTs as a channel material in field effect transistors, we show how the chemical composition of the catalysts and temperature can be used as parameters to tune the diameter distribution and semiconducting-to-metallic ratio of SWCNT samples. Finally, a phenomenological model, based on the dependence of the carbon solubility as a function of catalyst nanoparticle size and nature of the alloying elements, is proposed to interpret the results.

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Section: A Nanoparticle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

et al. 2019

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“…Growth can proceed through tangential or perpendicular modes (15), and ways to control them have been proposed recently (16). For specific catalysts and growth conditions favoring the perpendicular mode, a pronounced near armchair selectivity can be observed (16). In such a mode, the interface between the tube and the catalyst nanoparticle (NP) is limited to a line, and a simple model describing the thermodynamic stability of the tube-nanoparticle system can be developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…S2), but should be narrower, if the reported chirality dependence of the growth kinetics (11) were taken into account. Due to the high synthesis temperatures, and the very small size of the interface, there might be SWNT growth The experiments, and our analysis of the growth modes are described in (16). Sketch of the model (C), with a SWNT in perpendicular contact with a structureless catalyst.…”

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Entropy-driven stability of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes

Magnin

Amara

Ducastelle

et al. 2018

Science

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes are hollow cylinders, that can grow centimeters long by carbon incorporation at the interface with a catalyst. They display semi-conducting or metallic characteristics, depending on their helicity, that is determined during their growth. To support the quest for a selective synthesis, we develop a thermodynamic model, that relates the tubecatalyst interfacial energies, temperature, and the resulting tube chirality. We show that nanotubes can grow chiral because of the configurational entropy of their nanometer-sized edge, thus explaining experimentally observed temperature evolutions of chiral distributions. Taking the chemical nature of the catalyst into account through interfacial energies, structural maps and phase diagrams are derived, that will guide a rational choice of a catalyst and growth parameters towards a better selectivity. One Sentence Summary:Modeling the interface of carbon nanotubes with their seeding catalyst nanoparticle reveals the origin of their chirality. * This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Science. This version has not undergone final editing. Please refer to the complete version of record at http://www.sciencemag.org/. The manuscript may not be reproduced or used in any manner that does not fall within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act without the prior, written permission of AAAS.

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“…For example, semiconducting SWNTs can be the core component in field effect transistors [5] and metallic SWNTs may be well applied in highly conductive transparent thin films [6]. However, most produced SWNTs consist of both semiconducting and metallic species [7,8]. To facilitate the separation and practical application of the metallic SWNTs, it is necessary to characterize them based on their intrinsic electrical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The temperature evolution of G mode in the Raman spectra of surface grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is investigated. It is revealed that the intensity of G − mode in Raman spectra varies with the measurement temperature. The intensity variation of the G − mode is synchronized to that of the radial breathing mode, which is sensitive to the resonance condition (|E L − E ii |). Such an intensity evolution is associated with the temperature-induced change of E ii . That is, the intensity of G − , an indication of electron-phonon coupling in metallic SWNTs, can be greatly enhanced only when the laser energy well matches the transition energy of nanotubes (E ii ). In other words, the window for observing asymmetric and broad G − mode is very narrow. This work further confirms that the G − mode in the Raman spectrum mainly arises from metallic SWNTs, and caution should be paid when using the intensity ratio of G − /G + to estimate the percentage of metallic SWNTs in products.

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Growth modes and chiral selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

Entropy-driven stability of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Growth modes and chiral selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

Entropy-driven stability of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes

Temperature Dependence of G− Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes