Growth, Metabolite, Antioxidative Capacity, Transcriptome, and the Metabolome Response to Dietary Choline Chloride in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

To determine the response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to different levels of dietary choline, juvenile white shrimp (1.75 ± 0.09 g) were fed six semi-purified diets supplemented with 0 (control), 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, and 12,000 mg/kg choline chloride for eight weeks. Growth performance, whole-body composition, serum characteristics and hepatopancreatic antioxidant indexes were evaluated. Meanwhile, serum metabolome and hepatopancreas transcriptome were performed to examine the overall difference in metabolite and gene expression. The weight gain, survival, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index were not affected by dietary choline levels. The shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride gained the maximal whole-body crude protein, which was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed with 12,000 mg/kg dietary choline. Serum total cholesterol of shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg dietary choline was higher than that in shrimp fed 4000 mg/kg choline. Dietary choline significantly decreased malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in shrimp hepatopancreas. Compared with the shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride, the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was significantly enriched in the shrimp fed 0 mg/kg dietary choline chloride, and the choline content and bile salt-activated lipase-like expression were upregulated. The expression of trypsin-1-like in protein digestion and absorption pathway was significantly downregulated in the shrimp fed 12,000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride. Apolipoprotein D might be a potential biomarker in shrimp, and dietary choline played an important role in lipid metabolism, especially in the reduction of oxidative damage in L. vannamei. Based on the results of weight gain and degree of oxidative damage, 1082 mg/kg dietary choline could meet the growth requirement of L. vannamei, but 2822 mg/kg dietary choline was needed to reduce peroxidation damage.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Adaptation Mechanism to High Salinity in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…In addition, trypsin-1like, triose-phosphate isomerase, etc., showed lower expressions in the tolerant families. Trypsin is a digestive protease that mainly participates in food digestion (Huang et al, 2020), and triose-phosphate isomerase also plays important roles in metabolism (Liao et al, 2020). The downregulations of trypsin and triose-phosphate isomerase genes in tolerant families might influence energy supply and substance metabolism.…”

Proteome Analysis of Male Accessory Gland Secretions in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

“…Previous studies have reported that the MAGs of insects can synthesize JH and transfer JH from the male to female reproductive tract during copulation in the long-horned beetle species Apriona germari and Spodoptera litura [ 49 , 50 ]. Apolipoprotein D serves as a lipocalin and can bind arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin, specifically for the synthesis of prostaglandin [ 51 , 52 ]. In addition to its role in lipid transportation, apolipophorin III (apoLp-III), a prototypical exchangeable apolipoprotein, is also implicated in innate immunological responses and is present in many insect species [ 53 ].…”

Effect of soybean meal replacement with corn gluten meal on the survival, biochemical and metabolic responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…Key measures of digestive function, such as nutrient digestion and absorption, can be determined by assessing trypsin and amylase activity (Duan et al, 2018;Talukdar et al, 2021), which may impact growth and the molt period (Lin et al, 2022). Trypsin is a protease enzyme that breaks down protein molecules into smaller peptide chains (Huang et al, 2020 b;Shao et al, 2018). Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch and other complex carbohydrates (Roy et al, 2018).…”