Growth media and temperature effects on biofilm formation by serotype O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>

Uhlich, Gaylen A.; Chen, Chin-Yi; Cottrell, Bryan J.; Nguyen, Ly-Huong T.

doi:10.1111/1574-6968.12439

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Here, we show that the production of curli as measured with Congo red binding was dependent on the isolates and growth conditions despite all STEC strains carrying the curli gene csgA (7). CF results indicative of curli and/or cellulose production also were variable and are similar to those of other studies (7,8,48). While curli or cellulose production in some STEC isolates was shown to be associated with biofilm formation (6,8,34,(49)(50)(51), these were shown to be nonessential for biofilm formation (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Biofilm-Forming Abilities of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Human Infections

Vogeleer

Tremblay

Jubelin³

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bForming biofilms may be a survival strategy of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli to enable it to persist in the environment and the food industry. Here, we evaluate and characterize the biofilm-forming ability of 39 isolates of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from human infection and belonging to seropathotypes A, B, or C. The presence and/or production of biofilm factors such as curli, cellulose, autotransporter, and fimbriae were investigated. The polymeric matrix of these biofilms was analyzed by confocal microscopy and by enzymatic digestion. Cell viability and matrix integrity were examined after sanitizer treatments. Isolates of the seropathotype A (O157:H7 and O157:NM), which have the highest relative incidence of human infection, had a greater ability to form biofilms than isolates of seropathotype B or C. Seropathotype A isolates were unique in their ability to produce cellulose and poly-N-acetylglucosamine. The integrity of the biofilms was dependent on proteins. Two autotransporter genes, ehaB and espP, and two fimbrial genes, z1538 and lpf2, were identified as potential genetic determinants for biofilm formation. Interestingly, the ability of several isolates from seropathotype A to form biofilms was associated with their ability to agglutinate yeast in a mannose-independent manner. We consider this an unidentified biofilmassociated factor produced by those isolates. Treatment with sanitizers reduced the viability of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli but did not completely remove the biofilm matrix. Overall, our data indicate that biofilm formation could contribute to the persistence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and specifically seropathotype A isolates in the environment. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), are food-borne and waterborne human enteric pathogens responsible for infections. They are associated with important public health concerns in developed countries. Symptoms associated with STEC infections range from abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea to postinfectious complications, such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS, a life-threatening complication of STEC infections, is a consequence of Shiga toxin production. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), more than 30,000 cases of STEC infections occur each year in Canada (1). Environmentally, the main reservoir for STEC is cattle. Transmission of STEC to humans typically is associated with the consumption of contaminated food such as undercooked beef, fresh produce, unpasteurized milk, or contaminated drinking water (2), but these pathogens also can be transmitted from person to person or via direct contact with animals or their feces.The 2003 Karmali seropathotype model classifies STEC into seropathotypes based on their reported incidence in human disease, outbreaks, and/or association with the development of severe symptoms in humans (3). Serotypes frequently responsible for hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and HUS, ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Biofilm-Forming Abilities of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Human Infections

Vogeleer

Tremblay

Jubelin³

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…coli strains are commonly observed (56, 70, 71). A lack of correlation between curli/cellulose production and biofilm formation (71, 72) and between cell hydrophobicity and resulting surface attachment behavior (73) has also been described. This helps to explain the imperfect correlation between macrocolony assays and biofilm formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation Potential of Heat-Resistant Escherichia coli Dairy Isolates and the Complete Genome of Multidrug-Resistant, Heat-Resistant Strain FAM21845

Martí

Schmid

Kulli

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We tested the biofilm formation potential of 30 heat-resistant and 6 heat-sensitive Escherichia coli dairy isolates. Production of curli and cellulose, static biofilm formation on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel surfaces, biofilm formation under dynamic conditions (Bioflux), and initial adhesion rates (IAR) were evaluated. Biofilm formation varied greatly between strains, media, and assays. Our results highlight the importance of the experimental setup in determining biofilm formation under conditions of interest, as correlation between different assays was often not a given. The heat-resistant, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain FAM21845 showed the strongest biofilm formation on PS and the highest IAR and was the only strain that formed significant biofilms on stainless steel under conditions relevant to the dairy industry, and it was therefore fully sequenced. Its chromosome is 4.9 Mb long, and it harbors a total of five plasmids (147.2, 54.2, 5.8, 2.5, and 1.9 kb). The strain carries a broad range of genes relevant to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, including some on its two large conjugative plasmids, as demonstrated in plate mating assays.IMPORTANCE In biofilms, cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix that protects them from stresses, such as UV radiation, osmotic shock, desiccation, antibiotics, and predation. Biofilm formation is a major bacterial persistence factor of great concern in the clinic and the food industry. Many tested strains formed strong biofilms, and especially strains such as the heat-resistant, MDR strain FAM21845 may pose a serious issue for food production. Strong biofilm formation combined with diverse resistances (some encoded on conjugative plasmids) may allow for increased persistence, coselection, and possible transfer of these resistance factors. Horizontal gene transfer may conceivably occur in the food production setting or the gastrointestinal tract after consumption.

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“…; Uhlich et al . ), but there was a scarcity of information regarding LEE‐negative STEC collections, including O113:H21 strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation, invasiveness and colicinogeny in locus of enterocyte and effacement negative O113:H21 ShigatoxigenicEscherichia coli

et al. 2017

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Growth media and temperature effects on biofilm formation by serotype O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Biofilm-Forming Abilities of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Human Infections

Biofilm-Forming Abilities of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Human Infections

Biofilm Formation Potential of Heat-Resistant Escherichia coli Dairy Isolates and the Complete Genome of Multidrug-Resistant, Heat-Resistant Strain FAM21845

Biofilm formation, invasiveness and colicinogeny in locus of enterocyte and effacement negative O113:H21 ShigatoxigenicEscherichia coli

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