Growth inhibitory and biocidal activity of some isothiazolone biocides

Collier, Phillip J.; Ramsey, Andrew J.; Austin, P. W.; Gilbert, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01550.x

Cited by 110 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Minimal inhibitory concentrations were estimated using the dilution tube and growth inhibition methods (Collier et al 1990 ;Bloomfield 1991). Sodium pyrithione concentrations used were 0-130 mg ml −1 in 10 mg ml −1 steps.…”

Section: Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tubes were incubated for 24 h at 37°C and MICs were estimated as the lowest concentration of biocide which exhibited no growth ( Table 1). The protocols described by Collier et al (1990) were used to determine MIC by the growth inhibition method. In this experiment, biocides were applied at doubling concentrations ranging from 1 mg ml −1 to 128 mg ml −1 .…”

Section: Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pyrithione biocides as inhibitors of bacterial ATP synthesis

Dinning

Al‐Adham

Eastwood³

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

LI E R. 1998. Sodium pyrithione and zinc pyrithione (NaPT and ZnPT, respectively) are widely used as cosmetic preservatives and general antimicrobial agents. They have been shown to be active against fungal cell walls, associated membranes and bacterial transport processes. Investigations were undertaken into the effect of these antimicrobial agents on substrate catabolism and intracellular ATP levels using an oxygen electrode and luciferin-luciferase technology, respectively. Results indicate that, while both compounds are poor inhibitors of substrate catabolism, sub-inhibitory concentrations of biocide greatly reduces intracellular ATP levels in both Escherichia coli NCIMB 10000 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 10548. This is thought to be due to the action of NaPT and ZnPT on the Gram-negative bacterial membrane. INTRODUCTIONSodium pyrithione and zinc pyrithione (NaPT and ZnPT, respectively, Fig. 1) are the sodium salt and zinc chelate of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethiol (Shaw et al. 1950 ;Albert et al. 1956 ;Hyde and Nelson 1984). Both NaPT and ZnPT have been shown to possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against fungal and bacterial species (Pansy et al. 1953 ;Albert et al. 1956 ;Hyde and Nelson 1984 ;Khattar et al. 1988). They are widely used as cosmetic preservatives (Nelson and Hyde 1981 ;Hyde and Nelson 1984) and are incorporated as anti-dandruff agents in shampoos (Fredriksin and Feargeman 1983 ;Hyde and Nelson 1984). They also possess excellent metal chelating properties and ZnPT is active as a metal complex (Davies 1985 ;Fenn and Alexander 1988).Previous work has suggested that this group of compounds is membrane active. This is indicated by the inhibition of uptake of several unrelated substrates in both bacteria and fungi (Chandler and Segel 1978;Friedman 1981;Khattar et al. 1988 ;Khattar and Salt 1993) and the observed depolarization of the transmembrane electrical potential in Neurospora crassa (Ermolayeva et al. 1995). The effects of an antimicrobial agent on substrate transport and related metabolism may be used as indicators of the membrane activity of the test agent (Gilbert et al. 1991). In turn, these effects may be reflected as a reduction in intracellular ATP levels (Harold Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG,.© 1998 The Society for Applied Microbiology 1972). Regardless of substrate transport, a direct membrane effect by a biocide may decrease intracellular ATP levels via disruption of the transmembrane proton motive force (PMF) and related processes. This has been exhibited with several membrane active agents including fentichlor, PHMB, alexidine and chlorhexidine (Bloomfield 1974 ;Chopra et al. 1987 ;Chawner and Gilbert 1989).This study describes the activity of NaPT and ZnPT on substrate transport and catabolism in Escherichia coli NCIMB 10000 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 10548 and the effects of these agents on bacterial intracellular ATP levels at sub-inhibitory and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Organisms and chemicalsStock cultures of Es...

show abstract

Section: Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrithione biocides as inhibitors of bacterial ATP synthesis

Dinning

Al‐Adham

Eastwood³

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Isothiazolone and its derivatives are a class of common chemical biocides used as preservatives to control microbial growth in a very large number of industrial applications and in household products. These compounds have an active sulfur moiety that can react with and oxidize thiol-containing residues, thereby effectively killing most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as fungi and other microorganisms (Collier et al, 1990). In addition, isothiazolone derivatives can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro (Rice et al, 1995) and can reduce tumor mass in a mouse model of human breast cancer (Wang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylisothiazolinone, A Neurotoxic Biocide, Disrupts the Association of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases with Focal Adhesion Kinase in Developing Cortical Neurons

Huang²,

Lagenaur³

et al. 2006

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is a biocide widely used in industrial and cosmetic products with potential as a neurotoxicant. We previously reported that short acute exposures to relatively high concentrations of MIT (100 M) lead to widespread and selective neuronal death in vitro. To evaluate the biological properties of chronic exposures to MIT, freshly dissociated rat cortical neurons were continuously exposed to low concentrations (0.1-3 M) of the biocide in serum-containing media. Although we observed minimal effects on cell viability, MIT induced a dramatic inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation was primarily affected by the MIT treatment. The phosphorylation level at tyrosines 576 and 861 of FAK was significantly decreased and likely contributed to the overall reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation of this protein. MIT inhibited Src family kinases (SFKs) in cell-free assays and led to the physical dissociation of FAK from the signaling complexes that it normally forms with c-Src and Fyn in developing neurons. High-density neuronal cultures were then employed to increase cell-to-cell contact. This approach resulted in an overall enhancement of SFKs and FAK phosphorylation and could overcome the deficits induced by MIT. This study suggests that a disruption of FAK-SFK complexes due to SFK inhibition leads to FAK dysfunction, with detrimental effects to immature neurons. Prolonged exposure to low levels of MIT and related compounds may have damaging consequences to the developing nervous system. Isothiazolone and its derivatives are a class of common chemical biocides used as preservatives to control microbial growth in a very large number of industrial applications and in household products. These compounds have an active sulfur moiety that can react with and oxidize thiol-containing residues, thereby effectively killing most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as fungi and other microorganisms (Collier et al., 1990). In addition, isothiazolone derivatives can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro (Rice et al., 1995) and can reduce tumor mass in a mouse model of human breast cancer (Wang et al., 2004).Two widely used isothiazolone biocides are 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), which are the active ingredients in a biocide mixture sold commercially as Kathon. They are supplied either as a single chemical solution or in combination at a wide range of concentrations (1.5-50%). As the use of these compounds has risen dramatically in recent years, there is increased concern about their potential risks to humans through inhalation and skin contact. Previous in vitro studies have shown that CMIT and MIT are profoundly cytotoxic to different types of cell lines (Ettorre et al., 2003). In addition, our group has reported that MIT is a highly selective neurotoxin, largely sparing glia, following a short acute exposure in established, m...

show abstract

“…Escherichia coli is routinely used as an indicator of water quality, however, its concentration can be influenced by stressors, which can inhibit (Collier et al, 1990;Bálague et al, 2001) or stimulate (Yurovskaya, 1975) its growth, as seen in this study.…”

Section: Herbicidementioning

confidence: 82%

Toxicity of herbicides on Escherichia coli growth

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agriculture uses a huge variety and quantity of chemicals. If, on one hand, the goal is to increase productivity, on the other hand these products contaminate aquatic environments. Among these products, herbicides deserve greater attention in relation to contamination of aquatic environments due to their extensive use to weed control. This study was carried out because the effects of these molecules on aquatic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, is still unclear. Using microdilution plate assays, Escherichia coli were exposed to various commercial formulations of herbicides widely used in Brazil. The herbicide paraquat was the only one able to prevent the growth of Escherichia coli and is characterized as bacteriostatic.Keywords: aquatic ecosystem, bacteriostatic, paraquat. Toxicidade de herbicidas sobre o crescimento de Escherichia coli ResumoA agricultura utiliza uma enorme variedade de produtos químicos, e se por um lado a meta é aumentar a produtividade, por outro lado estes produtos contaminam ambientes aquáticos. Entre estes produtos, herbicidas merecem maior atenção em relação à contaminação de ecossistemas aquáticos, devido a seu amplo emprego para controlar plantas daninhas. Este estudo foi realizado porque os efeitos destas moléculas em micro-organismos aquáticos, tais como Escherichia coli, ainda são pouco estudados. Através de ensaios de microdiluição, E. coli foi exposta a várias formulações comerciais de herbicidas amplamente utilizados no Brasil e foi verificado que o herbicida paraquat foi o único capaz de impedir o crescimento de E. coli, caracterizando-se assim como bacteriostático.Palavras-chave: ecossistemas aquáticos, bacteriostático, paraquat.

show abstract

Growth inhibitory and biocidal activity of some isothiazolone biocides

Cited by 110 publications

References 12 publications

Pyrithione biocides as inhibitors of bacterial ATP synthesis

Pyrithione biocides as inhibitors of bacterial ATP synthesis

Methylisothiazolinone, A Neurotoxic Biocide, Disrupts the Association of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases with Focal Adhesion Kinase in Developing Cortical Neurons

Toxicity of herbicides on Escherichia coli growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About