Growth Inhibitory Activity of Indian Terminalia spp. against the Zoonotic Bacterium Bacillus anthracis

Wright, Mitchell Henry; Courtney, Reece; Greene, Anthony Carlson; Cock, Ian Edwin

doi:10.5530/pc.2016.1.2

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…extracts prepared from several parts of T. arjuna have antibacterial activity against a wide panel of microbes. 6,16,17 T. chebula is also used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of numerous microbial diseases and conditions 6,18 and displays potent antibacterial activity against a panel of microbes. 16 T. catappa has also been reported to have broad spectrum antibacterial activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Wright¹,

Greene²,

Cock³

2017

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Introduction: Yersinia enterocolitica is a major cause of food poisoning through contaminated meat products, causing the acute gastrointestinal disease yersiniosis. Many Terminalia spp. have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptics, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. Despite this, Indian Terminalia spp. extracts have not been tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of Y. enterocolitica. Methods: T. arjuna, T. catappa and T. chebula extracts were extracted by maceration and the extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for growth inhibitory activity against a clinical strain of Y. enterocolitica. The MIC values of the extracts were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: T. chebula fruit extracts displayed potent growth inhibitory activity in the disc diffusion assay against Y. enterocolitica. The methanolic and ethyl acetate T. chebula fruit extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 85 and 64 µg/mL respectively. The aqueous fruit extract also displayed good growth inhibitory activity against Y. enterocolitica, albeit with a higher MIC value (653 µg/mL). The T. arjuna branch extract was moderately active (3000 µg/mL). All other extracts were either low efficacy, or completely devoid of growth inhibitory activity. All Indian Terminalia spp. extracts were nontoxic (LC 50 values <1000 µg/mL) in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. Conclusions: The lack of toxicity and the potent growth inhibitory bioactivity of the T. chebula extracts against Y. enterocolitica indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of yersiniosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Wright¹,

Greene²,

Cock³

2017

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“…Previous studies have reported antibacterial activity for extracts of these species against a wide variety of pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria. [40][41][42][43] Furthermore, potent growth inhibitory activity has also been reported for Australian. [10][11][12][13][14][15]16 and African Terminatia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Methods for Preventing Fish Spoilage Using Indian Terminalia spp. Extracts: Growth Inhibition of Shewanella spp.

Webster¹,

Wright²,

Greene³

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Shewanella spp. are a major cause of fish spoilage. Terminalia spp. have a long history of medicinal uses, including being used to treat bacterial infections. Despite their well-established antibacterial properties, the Indian Terminalia spp. have not been tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of fish spoilage bacteria. Methods: Solvent extracts were prepared using Indian Terminalia spp. known to inhibit microbial growth. The growth inhibitory activity of the extracts was investigated by disc diffusion assay against four Shewanella spp. environmental isolates. Their MIC values were calculated to quantify and compare their relative efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: Extracts prepared from several Indian Terminalia spp. displayed potent antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay against the environmental Shewanella spp. isolates. The methanolic T. chebula fruit extract was particularly effective at inhibiting Shewanella spp. growth, with MIC values of 198, 329, 162 and 176 µg/mL against S. putrefaciens, S. baltica, S. frigidimarina and S. loihica respectively. The T. chebula fruit ethyl acetate and T. catappa fruit methanolic extracts were similarly potent, with MIC values generally substantially <1000 µg/mL against all Shewanella spp. In contrast, the T. catappa bark and all T. arjuna extracts were only moderate growth inhibitors (MIC values 1000-5000 µg/mL). All other extracts were either inactive or of only low growth inhibitory activity. All the extracts were nontoxic, with all recorded LC 50 values substantially >1000 µg/mL. Conclusions: The potent growth inhibitory activity of the methanolic and ethyl acetate T. chebula fruit extracts against all Shewanella spp. indicates their potential in the prevention of fish spoilage. Furthermore, the lack of toxicity of these extracts indicates their suitability for use as natural fish preservatives.

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“…Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was completed as previously described 29,30 and used to determine the presence of phenolic compounds, anthraquinones, phytosterols, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids.…”

Section: Qualitative Phytochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

Wood¹,

McManus²,

Wright³

et al. 2017

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Background: Extracts produced from S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaves are potent growth inhibitors of many bacterial pathogens. They may also inhibit the growth of malodour producing bacteria and thus be useful deodorant components, although this is yet to be tested. Methods: S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaf solvent extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assays against significant bacterial contributors to axillary and plantar malodour formation. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: S. australe and S. luehmannii solvent extracts were good inhibitors of B. linens and C. jeikeium growth, with zones of inhibition up to 10 mm measured. S. australe extracts were generally better inhibitors of both bacterial species compared with the S. luehmannii extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts were particularly potent, with MIC values of 300 and 857 µg/mL for the S. australe fruit and leaf extracts respectively against B. linens, and 1000 and 311 µg/mL against C. jeikeium. The S. luehmannii fruit ethyl acetate extracts were similarly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 571 and 203 µg/mL against B. linens and C. jeikeium respectively. S. australe aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts were also potent inhibitors of C. jeikeium (MIC's of 285 and 306 µg/mL respectively). All other extracts had moderate or low inhibitory activity. All of the most potent ethyl acetate extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. In contrast, the methanolic and aqueous S. australe leaf extracts, as well as the aqueous and methanolic S. luehmannii fruit extracts displayed apparent toxicity. However, these results may be fallacious and instead result from the high antioxidant content of these extracts. Conclusion: The potent growth inhibition of axillary and plantar malodour producing bacteria by the Syzygium spp. extracts indicate their potential as deodorant components.

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Growth Inhibitory Activity of Indian Terminalia spp. against the Zoonotic Bacterium Bacillus anthracis

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Natural Methods for Preventing Fish Spoilage Using Indian Terminalia spp. Extracts: Growth Inhibition of Shewanella spp.

Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

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