Growth in urban extent and allometric analysis of West African cities

Adhikari, Pradeep; Beurs, Kirsten M. de

doi:10.1080/1747423x.2017.1280550

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A number of methods for mapping urban expansion exist, such as lognormal regression model [2], self-organizing map approach [3], landscape index [4,5], and (un-)supervised classification [6][7][8][9][10][11]. As the major component of land cover in urban areas, impervious surface (IS), i.e., artificial materials which water cannot penetrate, provides a key piece information on urban ecosystems and urban…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and Characterizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Impervious Surfaces Using Landsat Images: A Case Study of Xuzhou, East China from 1995 to 2018

Han

Chen

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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As an effective indicator of urbanization, impervious surfaces play a significant role in urban planning and ecological protection. It is, therefore, important to characterize impervious surfaces in urban geographical studies. As a key city in East China, Xuzhou has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades and is now becoming an environmentally friendly city. To better understand the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of Xuzhou’s urban development, we extracted its impervious surfaces from Landsat images of 1995, 2003, 2010, and 2018 by a linear spectral mixture analysis. Then, a range of complementary methods including landscape indices, profile lines, median centers, standard deviational ellipses, and spatial autocorrelation were adopted to analyze the landscape pattern and expansion of impervious surfaces on both city and district scales. Results show that (1) there was a constant impervious surface expansion, originating in downtown Xuzhou; (2) promoting ecological protection in urban areas fragmented impervious surfaces with increasing heterogeneity and diversity overall; and (3) expansion directions and rates of impervious surfaces varied with district and town, and the central urban area expanded towards east and southeast, which could be related to their own resources and governmental policies. Findings from this study provide useful insights into urban planning of this economically prospective region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and Characterizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Impervious Surfaces Using Landsat Images: A Case Study of Xuzhou, East China from 1995 to 2018

Han

Chen

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…One of the main pillars of this new science is the proposition that urban systems display universal scaling behavior regarding socioeconomic, infrastructural and individual services [15]. In the last decade, several studies reported that some urban variables, say Y, systematically scale on a non-linear way with population N for different urban systems [15,[38][39][40][41][42][43]. More specifically, the relation between Y and N assumes the form…”

Section: Urban Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

More from Less? Environmental Rebound Effects of City Size

et al. 2021

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Global sustainability relies on our capacity of understanding and guiding urban systems and their metabolism adequately. It has been proposed that bigger and denser cities are more resource-efficient than smaller ones because they tend to demand less infrastructure, consume less fuel for transportation and less energy for cooling/heating in per capita terms. This hypothesis is also called Brand’s Law. However, as cities get bigger, denser and more resource-efficient, they also get richer, and richer inhabitants consume more, potentially increasing resource demand and associated environmental impacts. In this paper, we propose a method based on scaling theory to assess Brand’s Law taking into account greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both direct (energy and fuels locally consumed) and indirect (embedded in goods and services) sources, measured as carbon footprint (CF). We aim at understanding whether Brand’s Law can be confirmed once we adopt a consumption-based approach to urban emissions. By analyzing the balance between direct and indirect emissions in a theoretical urban system, we develop a scaling theory relating carbon footprint and city size. Facing the lack of empirical data on consumption-based emissions for cities, we developed a model to derive emission estimations using well-established urban metrics (city size, density, infrastructure, wealth). Our results show that, once consumption-based CF is considered, Brand’s Law falls apart, as bigger cities have greater purchase power, leading to greater consumption of goods and higher associated GHG. Findings also suggest that a shift in consumption patterns is of utmost importance, given that, according to the model, each new monetary unit added to the gross domestic product (GDP) or to other income variables results in a more than proportional increase in GHG emissions. This work contributes to a broader assessment of the causes of emissions and the paradigm shift regarding the assumption of efficiency in the relationship of city size and emissions, adding consumption behavior as a critical variable, beyond Brand’s Law.

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“…Base on the above research, Beckmann proposed the allometric growth model to describe the ratio of the relative growth rate of the populations. Many scholars used the allometric growth law to study the population and the urban area [78,[80][81][82]. In general, allometric growth means the ratio between the growth rate of a part in a system and the growth rate of other parts in the same system.…”

Section: Allometric Growth Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Development of Innovation System in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt, a Demand and Supply Perspective

Zhang

Duan

2020

Sustainability

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The Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is not only a major regional coordination development strategy in China but also a core carrier supporting China’s innovation-driven development. Under this background, this paper explored the evolution, spatial difference, and coordination development of the regional innovation system in the period of 2007 to 2017 from the demand and supply perspective. We found that, during the study period, the development level of the innovation demand subsystem (IDS) and innovation supply subsystem (ISS), as well as their coordinated development, all showed an increasing trend. The development gap of IDS and the coordinated development among cities in YREB was quite balanced, while there existed a large gap among cities in YREB in the development of ISS. The development of IDS was better than the development of ISS in most of the cities of YREB, indicating that the innovation development of cities in YREB needs supply-side structural reform urgently. Most cities in YREB were at the moderately or slightly uncoordinated development phase, and Shanghai was the only city with coordinated development between IDS and ISS. This paper enriches the regional innovation system from a new perspective, the demand and supply perspective, as well as providing suggestions for the coordinated development of the regional innovation system in YREB.

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Growth in urban extent and allometric analysis of West African cities

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

Mapping and Characterizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Impervious Surfaces Using Landsat Images: A Case Study of Xuzhou, East China from 1995 to 2018

Mapping and Characterizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Impervious Surfaces Using Landsat Images: A Case Study of Xuzhou, East China from 1995 to 2018

More from Less? Environmental Rebound Effects of City Size

Coordinated Development of Innovation System in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt, a Demand and Supply Perspective

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