Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 in growth hormone-deficient Little mice

Peroni, Cibele N.; Hayashida, C Y; Nascimento, N.; Longuini, Viviane C.; Toledo, Rodrigo A.; Bartolini, Paolo; Bowers, Cyril Y.; Toledo, S. P. A.

doi:10.6061/clinics/2012(03)11

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to previous studies, GH has a half-life in the serum of only 4–20 mins in animals and human and basal serum level in mice is 8.7 ± 6.5 (<20 ng/ml) [31, 32]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Growth hormone is increased in the lungs and enhances experimental lung metastasis of melanoma in DJ-1 KO mice

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundGrowth hormone (GH) mainly serves an endocrine function to regulate somatic growth, but also serves an autocrine function in lung growth and pulmonary function. Several recent studies have demonstrated the role of autocrine GH in tumor progression in some organs. However, it is not clear whether excessive secretion of GH in the lungs is related to pulmonary nodule formation.MethodsFirstly, the lung tissues dissected from mice were used for Western blotting and PCR measurement. Secondly, the cultured cells were used for examining effects of GH on B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Thirdly, male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with B16F10 cells and then subcutaneously injected with recombinant GH twice per week for three weeks. Finally, stably transfected pool of B16F10 cells with knockdown of growth hormone receptor (GHR) was used to be injected into mice.ResultsWe found that expression of GH was elevated in the lungs of DJ-1 knockout (KO) mice. We also examined the effects of GH on the growth of cultured melanoma cells. The results showed that GH increased proliferation, colony formation, and invasive capacity of B16F10 cells. In addition, GH also increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in B16F10 cells. Administration of GH in vivo enhanced lung nodule formation in C57/B6 mice. Increased lung nodule formation in DJ-1 KO mice following intravenous injection of melanoma cells was inhibited by GHR knockdown in B16F10 cells.ConclusionsThese results indicate that up-regulation of GH in the lungs of DJ-1 KO mice may enhance the malignancy of B16F10 cells and nodule formation in pulmonary metastasis of melanoma.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2898-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…According to previous studies, GH has a half-life in the serum of only 4–20 mins in animals and human and basal serum level in mice is 8.7 ± 6.5 (<20 ng/ml) [31, 32]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Growth hormone is increased in the lungs and enhances experimental lung metastasis of melanoma in DJ-1 KO mice

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GHRP-2 acts on both the hypothalamus and pituitary because GHRPs receptors are located in both locations [ 40 , 41 ]. GHRP-2 administration improved the serum GH level of neonatal rats with growth retardation caused by hypothalamic dysfunction [ 9 , 42 ] and in children with multiple forms of short stature [ 43 ]. In the present study, GHRP-2 administration dramatically promoted serum GH and IGF-1 levels in yaks with growth retardation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), a member of growth hormone secretagogue, is an analogue of Met-enkephalin in vivo. GHRP-2 can availably stimulate the release of GH and IGF-1, and increase body weight in various species of animal after subcutaneous, intravenous or oral administration [ 7 , 8 ] and also can improve plasma GH levels and enhance the growth rate of short-stature animals [ 9 ] and children [ 10 , 11 ]. Cysteamine (CS), a metabolite in animals, was used to stimulate the growth rates of fish, pigs and ruminants [ 12 , 13 ] as a feed additive possibly by exhausting the SS level in the serum and tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of GHRP-2 and Cysteamine Administration on Growth Performance, Somatotropic Axis Hormone and Muscle Protein Deposition in Yaks (Bos grunniens) with Growth Retardation

Wang

Peng

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) and cysteamine (CS) administration on growth performance in yaks with growth retardation and try to elucidate its regulatory mechanisms. Trial 1, thirty-six 1-year-old Qinghai high plateau yaks (body weight 38–83.2 kg) were randomly chosen for body weight and jugular blood samples collection. The relationship between body weight and serum GHRH (P < 0.05, R = 0.45), GH (P < 0.05, R = 0.47), IGF-1 (P < 0.05, R = 0.62) was significantly correlated in yaks colonies with lighter body weights. Trial 2, fifteen 1-year-old Qinghai high plateau yaks with growth retardation (average body weight 54.8 ± 8.24 kg) were randomly selected and assigned to negative control group (NG), GHRP-2 injection group (GG) and cysteamine feeding group (CG), with 5 yaks per group. Another five 1-year-old Qinghai high plateau yaks with normal growth performance (average body weight 75.3 ± 2.43 kg) were selected as positive control group (PG). The average daily gain (ADG) of the GG and CG were significantly higher than those in the PG and NG (P < 0.05). Both GHRP-2 and CS administration significantly enhanced the myofiber diameter and area of skeletal muscle (P<0.05). GHRP-2 significantly enhanced the serum GH and IGF-1 levels (P < 0.05), and up-regulated GHR, IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA expression in the liver and skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), enhanced the mRNA expression of PI3K, AKt and mTOR in the skeletal muscle (P<0.05). CS significantly reduced the serum SS levels and the hypothalamus SS mRNA expression (P < 0.05), and enhanced GHR and IGF-1 mRNA expression in the liver (P < 0.05), decreased the mRNA expression of muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin-1) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) mRNA (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Growth retardation in yaks was primarily due to somatotropic axis hormones secretion deficiency. Both GHRP-2 and CS administration can accelerate growth performance and GH, IGF-1 secretion in yaks with growth retardation. GHRP-2 enhanced muscle protein deposition mainly by up-regulated the protein synthesis pathways, whereas CS worked mainly by down-regulated the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

show abstract

“…These infants have low levels of GH after birth in response to nutritional deficiency before birth (3). Although most of these infants may catch up growth rapidly after birth, various patterns of weight gain is observed in infancy, which may be related to feeding and fasting (2,4). There is a strong association between very low birth weight and infant mortality, which may be due to extreme fetal growth retardation (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was discovered through its effect on growth hormone (GH) secretion, and thus was presumed to be effective in growth (1)(2)(3). Several other activities have also been attributed to ghrelin (4,5). In addition to its effects on GH secretion, ghrelin has also been shown to stimulate appetite and induce adiposity (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylated Ghrelin, Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Levels in the Cord Blood of Small for Gestational Age Newborns

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Ghrelin is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates feeding and energy balance and stimulates growth hormone release. Ghrelin also exerts developmental and organizational effects during prenatal life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine ghrelin levels in cord blood of small for gestational age (SGA) infants and its association with GH (growth hormone) and IGF-1 levels (insulin-like growth factor-1). Methods: Cord blood sample was obtained from 31 SGA and 25 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Acylated ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No significant differences were observed in ghrelin and GH concentrations between SGA and AGA infants. However, IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in SGA infants. Cord blood ghrelin was negatively correlated with the infants' birth weight (r = -0.33, P = 0.013); on the other hand, IGF-1 level was positively correlated with birth weight (r = 0.43, P = 0.002). Conclusions: IGF-1 has the most significant effect on intrauterine growth. Acylated ghrelin is detectable in cord blood and correlated with birth weight, suggesting a role in intrauterine development, but its level is not affected by intrauterine growth retardation.

show abstract

Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 in growth hormone-deficient Little mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 78 publications

Growth hormone is increased in the lungs and enhances experimental lung metastasis of melanoma in DJ-1 KO mice

Growth hormone is increased in the lungs and enhances experimental lung metastasis of melanoma in DJ-1 KO mice

Effects of GHRP-2 and Cysteamine Administration on Growth Performance, Somatotropic Axis Hormone and Muscle Protein Deposition in Yaks (Bos grunniens) with Growth Retardation

Acylated Ghrelin, Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Levels in the Cord Blood of Small for Gestational Age Newborns

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About