Acylated Ghrelin, Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Levels in the Cord Blood of Small for Gestational Age Newborns

Abstract

Background: Ghrelin is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates feeding and energy balance and stimulates growth hormone release. Ghrelin also exerts developmental and organizational effects during prenatal life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine ghrelin levels in cord blood of small for gestational age (SGA) infants and its association with GH (growth hormone) and IGF-1 levels (insulin-like growth factor-1). Methods: Cord blood sample was obtained from 31 SGA and 25 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Acylated ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No significant differences were observed in ghrelin and GH concentrations between SGA and AGA infants. However, IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in SGA infants. Cord blood ghrelin was negatively correlated with the infants' birth weight (r = -0.33, P = 0.013); on the other hand, IGF-1 level was positively correlated with birth weight (r = 0.43, P = 0.002). Conclusions: IGF-1 has the most significant effect on intrauterine growth. Acylated ghrelin is detectable in cord blood and correlated with birth weight, suggesting a role in intrauterine development, but its level is not affected by intrauterine growth retardation.

AMP‐activated protein kinase is a key regulator of obesity‐associated factors

“…Desacyl‐ghrelin accounts for about 90% of the circulating ghrelin level. During undernourished states, the ghrelin level increases, but when nutrient availability is high, the level of ghrelin decreases 5,53 . Ghrelin receptors are highly expressed in hypothalamic cells.…”

“…During undernourished states, the ghrelin level increases, but when nutrient availability is high, the level of ghrelin decreases. 5,53 Ghrelin receptors are highly expressed in hypothalamic cells. These receptors regulate feeding and body weight.…”