Growth Factors, Inflammatory Cytokines and Postnatal Bone Strength in Preterm Infants

Eliakim, Alon; Nemet, Damir; Ahmad, Irfan; Zaldivar, Frank; Koppel, Robin; Grochow, Donna; Waffarn, Feizal

doi:10.1515/jpem.2009.22.8.733

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results suggest that the process may be more general than at first thought as it took place in both rats and chicken in very different experimental set-ups (Reich et al 2010). Of interest in this respect is the recent report on preterm infants, in which there was a significant decrease in bone strength during the first weeks of life, despite overall growth and weight gain (Eliakim et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bone quality is affected by food restriction and by nutrition-induced catch-up growth

Pando

Masarwi

Shtaif

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Growth stunting constitutes the most common effect of malnutrition. When the primary cause of malnutrition is resolved, catch-up (CU) growth usually occurs. In this study, we have explored the effect of food restriction (RES) and refeeding on bone structure and mechanical properties. Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 24 days were subjected to 10 days of 40% RES, followed by refeeding for 1 (CU) or 26 days long-term CU (LTCU). The rats fed ad libitum served as controls. The growth plates were measured, osteoclasts were identified using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning and mechanical testing were used to study structure and mechanical properties. Micro-CT analysis showed that RES led to a significant reduction in trabecular BV/TV and trabecular number (Tb.N), concomitant with an increase in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Trabecular BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly greater in the CU group than in the RES in both short-and long-term experiments. Mechanical testing showed that RES led to weaker and less compliant bones; interestingly, bones of the CU group were also more fragile after 1 day of CU. Longer term of refeeding enabled correction of the bone parameters; however, LTCU did not achieve full recovery. These results suggest that RES in young rats attenuated growth and reduced trabecular bone parameters. While nutrition-induced CU growth led to an immediate increase in epiphyseal growth plate height and active bone modeling, it was also associated with a transient reduction in bone quality. This should be taken into consideration when treating children undergoing CU growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bone quality is affected by food restriction and by nutrition-induced catch-up growth

Pando

Masarwi

Shtaif

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…24 In preterm infants, improved anthropometric and bone growth occurs in the setting of lower levels of inflammatory mediators. 25, 26 In addition to influencing growth, inflammation is known to be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants. For example, elevated levels of inflammation-related proteins in the first two weeks of life in infants born < 28 weeks increase the odds of microcephaly and lower Mental Developmental Index scores on the BSID-II at 2 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in postnatal growth-restricted preterm infants with postnatal head-sparing

et al. 2016

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Objective To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in postnatal growth-restricted infants born < 29 weeks with and without postnatal head-sparing. Study Design We analyzed developmental outcomes at 2 years of age among postnatally growth-restricted infants with and without head-sparing. The primary outcome was Bayley III cognitive composite score; secondary outcomes included Bayley III motor composite score, moderate/severe cerebral palsy, GMFCS level ≥2, and presence or absence of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Results Of 1098 infants evaluated at 18–22 months, 658 were postnatally growth-restricted, of whom 301 had head-sparing. In the multivariate model including independent risk factors for poor growth and poor developmental outcome, infants with head-sparing had higher adjusted motor composite scores (mean difference 4.65, p<0.01), but no differences in other neurodevelopmental outcomes. Conclusion Postnatal head-sparing is associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm infants, specifically Bayley III motor scores, but whether beneficial effects of PHS persist later in life is unknown.

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“…Indeed Stigson et al found that higher IGF I levels at a postmenstrual age of 30-32 wk were associated with increased bone mass (9). Also, a trend of higher IGF I levels was found in preterm infants who increased in bone strength compared to preterm infants with a decrease in bone strength measured by bone speed of sound (34). In line with these findings, preterm infants born small for Review gestational age had decreased bone accretion at 6 mo corrected age.…”

Section: The Role Of Igf I In Growth and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Dietary proteins and IGF I levels in preterm infants: determinants of growth, body composition, and neurodevelopment

2014

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Growth Factors, Inflammatory Cytokines and Postnatal Bone Strength in Preterm Infants

Abstract: Preterm infants with lower bone SOS at birth tend to 'catch-up' during early postnatal weeks. Increases in bone strength in preterm infants were associated with reduced inflammatory state as suggested by lower levels of circulating IL-6.

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Bone quality is affected by food restriction and by nutrition-induced catch-up growth

Bone quality is affected by food restriction and by nutrition-induced catch-up growth

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in postnatal growth-restricted preterm infants with postnatal head-sparing

Dietary proteins and IGF I levels in preterm infants: determinants of growth, body composition, and neurodevelopment

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