Growth dynamics and gas transport mechanism of nanobubbles in graphene liquid cells

Shin, Dongha; Park, Jong Bo; Kim, Yong-Jin; Kim, Sang Jin; Kang, Jingu; Lee, Bora; Cho, Sung‐Pyo; Hong, Byung Hee; Новоселов, К. С.

doi:10.1038/ncomms7068

Cited by 144 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…To image the temporal growth of the nanobubble at nm-scale resolution, we prepared the graphene liquid cell (GLC) (Shin et al 2015;Park et al 2015a, b;Algara-Siller et al 2015;Yuk et al 2012Yuk et al , 2014Chen et al 2013;Wang et al 2014;De Clercq et al 2014) fabricated on a TEM grid. Two adjacent graphene layers were stacked via strong van der Waals force, efficiently preventing water from leaking out to the ultrahigh vacuum environment in TEM chamber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles in the graphene liquid cell

et al. 2018

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The unexpected long lifetime of nanobubble against the large Laplace pressure is one of the important issues in nanobubble research and a few models have been proposed to explain it. Most studies, however, have been focused on the observation of relatively large nanobubbles over 100 nm and are limited to the equilibrium state phenomena. The study on the sub-100 nm sized nanobubble is still lacking due to the limitation of imaging methods which overcomes the optical resolution limit. Here, we demonstrate the observation of growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles confined in the graphene liquid cell using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We modified the classical diffusion theory by considering the finite size of the confined system of graphene liquid cell (GLC), successfully describing the temporal growth of nanobubble. Our study shows that the growth of nanobubble is determined by the gas oversaturation, which is affected by the size of GLC.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles in the graphene liquid cell

et al. 2018

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“…In the case of graphene liquid cells (water encapsulated by graphene membrane), NBs were investigated by in situ Ultra-High Vacuum Transmission Electron Microscopy (UHV-TEM, see Fig. 4D) indicating two distinct growth mechanisms for NBs, which depend on their relative size and the existence of a critical radius [109]. In fact, the liquid cell electron microscopy is a new technique for in situ imaging and control of nanoscale phenomena to study nanoscale processes in liquids [110].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene liquid cell for TEM measurement and TEM images showing the morphologies of NBs in the graphene liquid cell. Reprinted with permission from Ref [109]…”

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Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

Theodorakis

Che

2019

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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Surface nanobubbles (NBs) are stable gaseous phases in liquids that form at the interface with solid substrates. They have been particularly intriguing for their high stability that contradicts theoretical expectations and their potential relevance for many technological applications. Here, we present the current state of the art in this research area by discussing and contrasting main results obtained from theory, simulation and experiment, and presenting their limitations.We also provide future perspectives anticipating that this review will stimulate further studies in the research area of surface NBs.The subsequent sections of this review article are organised as follows: In Sec. 2, we present a range of different theoretical, simulation and experimental methodologies, which are used to study surface NBs discussing their limitations and contrasting main results. In Sec. 3, we discuss the main morphological and mechanical characteristics of surface NBs. In Sec. 4, we provide a review of the main experimental methods to generate surface NBs. In Sec. 5, we discuss the main hypothesis that supports the intriguing high NBs' stability, i.e. contactline pinning. Finally, we present our perspectives in the research area of surface NBs in Sec. 6.

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“…23,24 However, recent studies of very high curvature nanobubbles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where 10-nm radius bubbles were observed to be stable over many seconds, may suggest very different dissolution rates for nanobubbles. 25 Electrochemistry provides an interesting avenue for the study of both the nucleation and stability of nanobubbles. Gas producing reactions create large supersaturations near an electrode surface leading to heterogeneous nucleation of bubbles.…”

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Electrochemical Measurement of Hydrogen and Nitrogen Nanobubble Lifetimes at Pt Nanoelectrodes

German

Chen

Edwards

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The lifetimes of individual H 2 and N 2 nanobubbles, electrochemically generated at Pt nanoelectrodes (7-85 nm-radius), have been measured using a fast-scan electrochemical technique. To measure lifetime, a stable single H 2 or N 2 bubble is first generated by reducing protons or oxidizing hydrazine, respectively, at the Pt nanoelectrode. The electrode potential is then rapidly stepped (<100 μs) to a value where the bubble is unstable and begins to dissolve by gas molecule transfer across the gas/water interface and diffusion. The electrode potential is immediately scanned back to values where the bubble was initially stable. Depending on the rate of this second voltammetric scan, the initial bubble may or may not have time to dissolve, as is readily determined by the characteristic voltammetric signature corresponding to the nucleation of a new bubble. The transition between these regimes is used to determine the bubble's lifetime. The results indicate that dissolution of a H 2 or N 2 nanobubble is, in part, limited by the transfer of molecules across the gas/water interface. A theoretical expression describing mixed diffusion/kinetic control is presented and fit to the experimental data to obtain an interfacial gas transfer rate of ∼10 Interfacial nanobubbles are gaseous, nanoscale spherical caps on a solid substrate immersed in a gas-saturated solution. They were first proposed to explain the long-range attractive interactions between hydrophobic surfaces.1-3 Initially their existence was contentiously debated, 4,5 but their existence, composition and stability has since been documented in numerous experiments. [6][7][8][9][10] The argument against their existence is due to the lack of a theoretical understanding of their peculiar longevity, often measured in days. 11It is well understood that a spherical bubble suspended in a gassaturated liquid should be intrinsically unstable. The internal pressure within a bubble of radius R exceeds that of its surroundings by the Laplace pressure, 2γ/R, where γ is the liquid's surface tension. The gas within the bubble therefore has a higher chemical potential than the dissolved gas and must reach equilibrium by dissolution into the liquid and transport away from the bubble. While this process is quite slow for macroscopic bubbles, the rate of dissolution increases by orders of magnitude for nanoscopic bubbles, due to the increase in Laplace pressure and decreased diffusion lengths. Epstein and Plesset 12 first detailed a theoretical framework for growing and shrinking bubbles and later Ljunggren and Eriksson 13 explicitly extended the theory to the nanoscale. Both mathematical approaches predict isolated, spherical bubbles smaller than 100 nm radius to dissolve in less than 100 microseconds. Experimentally, and as noted above, nanobubbles are observed to persist for much longer periods, often for several days. 11Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the persistence of nanobubbles on surfaces: a transport barrier and lowering of the surface tension b...

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Growth dynamics and gas transport mechanism of nanobubbles in graphene liquid cells

Cited by 144 publications

References 33 publications

Initial growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles in the graphene liquid cell

Initial growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles in the graphene liquid cell

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

Electrochemical Measurement of Hydrogen and Nitrogen Nanobubble Lifetimes at Pt Nanoelectrodes

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