Growth, development, and flowering responses of Salicornia genotypes to photoperiod

Photoperiod affects growth, seed production, and biochemical composition in Salicornia species under salinity

“…Those originating from central, southern, northwestern, and northeastern Iran, that is, S. persica Central plateau, Bushehr, Urmia, and Gorgan, respectively, needed longer days for seed production and biochemical responses; those originating from the Gulf of Mexico and southern Spain, that is, S. bigelovii and S. europaea, respectively, required a shorter photoperiod. In a previous study understanding that short daylight length leads to early entry into the reproductive phase, this is an important challenge for success in yield production and all attributes of this Salicornia species (Izadi et al, 2022). In addition, some studies also showed that photoperiod is not the only factor affecting the production of Salicornia.…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that changes in photoperiod regimes cause differences in pigments, plant growth rate, and photosynthetic responses of Salicornia species and change biochemical properties such as starch and sugar content (Gunning, 2016;Izadi et al, 2022). Accumulation of chloroplastic starch may also limit the metabolic transfer between chloroplasts and cytoplasm by blocking light penetration (Dorais et al, 1996;Rakutko et al, 2020).…”

“…Also, the 10:14-and 12:12-h light-dark photoperiod was insufficient to increase growth rate. Reports indicate that the duration of Salicornia plants' exposure to light, as their main source of energy, determines the amount of energy preserved by the plant (Izadi et al, 2022). The duration of light illumination is also reported to be a major determinant in plant development (Amini et al, 2021;Jarillo et al, 2008;Johansson & Staiger, 2015).…”

“…Accumulation of chloroplastic starch may also limit the metabolic transfer between chloroplasts and cytoplasm by blocking light penetration (Dorais et al, 1996;Rakutko et al, 2020). However, the photoperiod affects not only the growth rate but also the composition and amount of carbohydrates (including soluble sugar and starch) of Salicornia species (de Souza et al, 2018;Izadi et al, 2022;Pérez-Romero et al, 2019).…”

“…However, indirect impacts of short daylight length, including photosynthetic capacity reduction, also have to be considered. These indirect influences, along with the direct impact of SD photoperiod, on the growth will certainly lead to a greater reduction in performance and final quality (Izadi et al, 2022). Reduction in the seed yield due to short daylight length of the environment induce changes in the seed quality and reduction in the oil yield.…”