Growth and water potential of j-rooted loblolly and eastern white pine seedlings over three growing seasons

Seiler, John R.; Paganelli, David J.; Cazell, Ben H.

doi:10.1007/bf00119007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In New Jersey, a researcher reported no harmful effects of planting L-or J-roots in "poor slits" on survival or early growth of shortleaf pine seedlings [64]. This is in agreement with most trials where bent roots of other pine species have been planted in deep holes [63,65,66]. Little [64] excavated shortleaf pines that were planted with an L-, J-, or U-root and concluded that although some roots were twisted and others had few roots on one side, "all the excavated seedlings had developed spreading root systems indicating that root systems had largely recovered from planting damage.…”

Section: Bent Rootssupporting

confidence: 74%

Planting Deep Increases Early Survival and Growth of Pinus echinata Seedlings

South¹,

Jackson²,

Starkey

et al. 2012

TOFSCIJ

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Two studies were established to determine the effects of planting depth on early performance of bareroot shortleaf pine seedlings (Pinus echinata). The studies involved planting seedlings either with the root-collar slightly below the groundline (GL) or with the root-collar planted about 11 cm below the soil surface (DEEP). After transplanting, DEEP seedlings had about 7.9 cm of shoot remaining aboveground. In one study, seedlings were planted in open sand pits where seedlings received 352 mm of rain by April 30. The second study involved planting seedlings in boxes (containing sand) in a roofed shade-house. Without rain, survival of DEEP seedlings in April was 96% which was significantly greater (P>F =0.007) than survival of GL seedlings (67%). With rainfall, survival (95%) was the same for both planting depths (P>F = 0.39). Therefore, planting seedlings with the root-collar level with the soil surface can, in some years, increase mortality. This might help explain why bareroot survival of shortleaf pine in some forest districts averages less than 80%.

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Section: Bent Rootssupporting

confidence: 74%

Planting Deep Increases Early Survival and Growth of Pinus echinata Seedlings

South¹,

Jackson²,

Starkey

et al. 2012

TOFSCIJ

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“…Harrington and How-ell (1998) found that growth of Pinus taeda was significantly greater when trees were planted with straight roots rather than deformed or pruned taproots. In contrast, Seiler et al (1990) found that Pinus taeda and Pinus strobus with J-roots did not show reduced growth or increased water stress after three years when they were planted with the root collar at grade. After five years, Carvell and Kulow (1964) found an upper layer of superficial roots had formed on Pinus strobus trees planted 15.2 cm below grade and original roots were growing up toward the soil surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…One of the reasons for unfavorable growth of some deeply planted SP trees is a tendency for roots to circle, bend, or otherwise become deformed (Seiler et al 1990). Harrington and How-ell (1998) found that growth of Pinus taeda was significantly greater when trees were planted with straight roots rather than deformed or pruned taproots.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting Depth Affects Root Form of Three Shade Tree Cultivars in Containers

Gilman¹,

Harchick²,

Paz³

2010

AUF

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Study was designed to evaluate impact of planting depth on root morphology inside nursery containers. Trees were planted shallow (13 mm) or deep (64 mm) into #3 Air-Pot™ containers, then shallow (0 mm) or deep (64 mm) into #15 containers prior to shifting them to their final #45 container size at the same depth. Trunk diameter (caliper) was significantly larger for both magnolia and maple planted shallow (13 mm) into #3, and then shallow into #15 containers when compared to planting deeper. However, differences were small and may not be relevant to a grower. No caliper or height differences among planting depths were found for elm. Presence of stem girdling roots in elm and magnolia growing in #45 containers increased with planting depth into # 3 containers. Downward re-orientation of main roots comprising the flare by #3 container wall, likely contributed to amount of roots growing over root flare. Maple root systems were not impacted by planting depth into #3 primarily due to adventitious root emergence from the buried portion of stem. Distance between substrate surface and top of root flare in finished #45 containers was not impacted by planting depth into #3 containers for any species. Planting elm and maple deeply into #15 led to more trunk-girdling by roots, a deeper root flare, and more roots growing over flare compared to planting shallow. Most root defects in all species were hidden from view because they were found below substrate surface. Presence of a visible root flare was not related to occurrence of root defects. Root balls on elm and maple were packed with roots which made it time consuming to remove substrate and roots above the root flare. Planting depth appears most crucial when shifting into #15 containers.

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“…The quadratic relation between planting depth and dry matter weight indicating a rise and fall of dry matter weight with a plateau is in conformity with other authors. Seiler et al (1990) and South (1991) reported increased seedling mortality for shallow planting, while VanderSchaaf and South (2003) reported smaller diameter preparation and planting. Finally, the study showed the root and rootlet preparation methods and the depth of planting of teak stumps required to achieve maximum biomass production to ensure its high survival rate and if adopted by tree growers can reduce planted teak stump mortality considerably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tap Root Size, Percentage Rootlets Retention and Planting Depth on Biomass Production of Teak (<em>Tectona Grandis</em> Linn. F.) Stumps

Nkyi¹

2012

Jnl Sci Tech

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ABSTRACT:Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) is a highly preferred plantation species in Ghana. Stumps are usually used to establish teak plantation. There has been persistent problem of low survival rate of planted teak stumps in large-scale plantation establishment in the country. A 4x3x3 factorial experiment in randomized complete design in two blocks was undertaken to evaluate the dependence of length of tape root bellow root collar, percentage of retention of rootlets and depth of planting of stumps on the biomass of planted teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) stumps. The main aim was to develop suitable method of converting teak seedlings into stumps and appropriate planting practice to improve the survival and growth of teak stumps. The quadratic reciprocal with an optimal level model (79 ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ R 2 ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 95 %) appears to be precise modeling the trends in the number of shoots production on sprouted teak stumps over time for length of tap root and depth of planting of stumps. Length of tape root below, percentage of retention of rootlets and depth of planting of stumps significantly affected the growth of tree height, tree collar diameter, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight and total tree dry weight. The two-factor interaction of length of tap root and percentage of retention of rootlets also had a significant influence on tree growth, except leaf dry weight. The best biomass production was observed for non-treated stump tap root and rootlets and planting at 9 cm soil depth ensuring a gain of about 486 % of tree dry weight over the traditional method of stump preparation and planting.

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Growth and water potential of j-rooted loblolly and eastern white pine seedlings over three growing seasons

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Planting Deep Increases Early Survival and Growth of Pinus echinata Seedlings

Planting Deep Increases Early Survival and Growth of Pinus echinata Seedlings

Planting Depth Affects Root Form of Three Shade Tree Cultivars in Containers

Effect of Tap Root Size, Percentage Rootlets Retention and Planting Depth on Biomass Production of Teak (<em>Tectona Grandis</em> Linn. F.) Stumps

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