Growth and Survival Variation among Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) Provenances

Abstract

Tree height, basal diameter, and survival were examined in thirteen-year-old provenance test established by 30 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at two exotic sites of the species in Southern part of Turkey. Variations within provenance and among provenances and relations among the traits were estimated to compare Scots pine provenance and two other native species. Averages of tree height and basal diameter were 350 cm and 52.7 mm in Aydogmus site and 385 cm and 51.2 mm in Kemer site, respectively. There were large differences within and among provenances for the characters. Sites were similar (p > 0.05) for the characters, while there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among provenances within site according to results of variance analysis (ANOVA). Scots pine provenances were higher and had more thickness than that of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) and Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) which were natural species of the region. There were positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlations between height and basal diameter in the species. Average survivals were 56% and 35% of the provenances in the sites. They were 71% and 11% in black pine and 53% in Taurus cedar for the sites respectively.

Interaction Between the Effects of Provenance Genetic Structure and Habitat Conditions on Growth of Scots Pine in International Provenance Tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…Scots pine has been the subject of numerous morphological (Stefanović et al 1980, Alía et al 2001, Ballian et al 2009, 2019, Cvjetković et al 2014, Bardzajn et al 2016, Ballian and Šito 2017, Gülcü and Bilir 2017 and genetic (Giertych andMátyás 1991, Giertych andOleksyn 1992) studies in Europe, and there is a need to continue research in the future. Ballian et al (2009) measured the diameter and height of the plants in 2007 and calculated basal area and volume of plants in one of the provenance tests of Scots pine in Bosnia and Herzegovina.…”

“…The territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina represents the southern border of the natural distribution of this forest Provenance tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina, therefore, represent an opportunity to determine the adaptability and variability of different provenances of Scots pine from all over Europe, at the southern border of its natural distribution. There have not been many studies on the interactions between effects of provenance genetic structure and habitat conditions on Scots pine. Some authors researched morphological traits of Scots pine plants in international provenance tests in Poland (Barzdajn et al 2016), Spain (Alía et al 2001), Turkey (Gülcü and Bilir 2017) and in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Ballian et al 2009, Cvjetković et al 2014. Taeger et al (2013) researched the impact of climate and drought events on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances in an international provenance test which also contained a provenance from Bosnia and Herzegovina.…”

Morphological traits of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in international provenance tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…The results of research on the morphological traits of 16 Spanish and 6 German provenances of Scots pine in a provenance test in Spain conducted by Alia (2001) showed statistically significant differences for provenance by site interaction. Gülcü and Bilir (2017) researched the morphological traits of Scots pine in provenance tests with 30 provenances at two sites in the southern part of Turkey. They found statistically significant differences within and between provenances for the researched traits.…”

“…The first international experiment, a progeny test, was established in 1907 by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). Scots pine has been the subject of numerous morphological studies in Europe (Alia et al, 2001;Ballian et al, 2009;Cvjetković et al, 2014;Barzdajn et al, 2016;Ballian and Šito, 2017;Gülcü and Bilir, 2017;Ballian and Lizdo, 2019).…”

Interactions of the Effects of Provenances and Habitats on the Growth of Scots Pine in Two Provenance Tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…There have not been many studies on the interactions between the effects of provenance genetic structure and habitat conditions on Scots pine. Some authors studied morphological traits of Scots pine in international provenance tests in Poland (Barzdajn et al 2016), Spain (Alía et al 2001), Turkey (Gülcü and Bilir 2017)…”