Growth and Survival of Postsettlement Sea Urchins

Ebert, Thomas

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396491-5.00007-1

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…This revealed a reduced growth from pH SW 7.67, while growth measured by increase of test diameter did not reveal any effect at that pH. Because growth of echinoderms is usually asymptotic (reviewed by Ebert, 2013), it is more difficult to detect the impact of stressors on growth in large animals with the general indicators. However, in several studies carried out on adult sea urchins, growth was effectively measured but was either not impacted or reduced only at the lowest pH tested.…”

Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The impact of low pH and increased temperature is difficult to interpret. Indeed, growth is affected by several variables including food consumption rate, digestive abilities, absorption of digestive products, and gametogenesis (Ebert, 2013). Recent papers showed that, in sea urchin larvae, low pH reduced digestive efficiency and increased the energetic costs for acid-base regulation (Stumpp et al, 2012b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Dúbois

2014

The Biological Bulletin

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Abstract. Available evidence on the impact of acidification and its interaction with warming on the skeleton of postmetamorphic (juvenile and adult) echinoderms is reviewed. Data are available on sea urchins, starfish, and brittle stars in 33 studies. Skeleton growth of juveniles of all sea urchin species studied so far is affected from pH 7.8 to 7.6 in seawater, values that are expected to be reached during the 21st century. Growth in adult sea urchins (six species studied) is apparently only marginally affected at seawater pH relevant to this century. The interacting effect of temperature differed according to studies. Juvenile starfish as well as adults seem to be either not impacted or even boosted by acidification. Brittle stars show moderate effects at pH below or equal to 7.4. Dissolution of the body wall skeleton is unlikely to be a major threat to sea urchins. Spines, however, due to their exposed position, are more prone to this threat, but their regeneration abilities can probably ensure their maintenance, although this could have an energetic cost and induce changes in resource allocation. No information is available on skeleton dissolution in starfish, and the situation in brittle stars needs further assessment. Very preliminary evidence indicates that mechanical properties in sea urchins could be affected. So, although the impact of ocean acidification on the skeleton of echinoderms has been considered as a major threat from the first studies, we need a better understanding of the induced changes, in particular the functional consequences of growth modifications and dissolution related to mechanical properties. It is suggested to focus studies on these aspects.

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Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Dúbois

2014

The Biological Bulletin

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“…1 (erioglaucine) dissolved in ethanol (Figure 3). Although counting growth lines can be used to estimate the age of a medium size test, it is not a reliable method for very small or very large specimens (Ebert 2013 Brown (1983) did not report any sexual dimorphism in E. parma, although sex determination was not possible below a test length of 43mm. He showed that weight increased logarithmically as a function of length.…”

Section: Age Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Separate logistic equations were fit to the ontogenetic series of homologous plate areas using the nonlinear least squares regression method (Ebert 2013) in MATLAB ® . The result is a complete set of logistic coefficients K, r, and t 0 for each plate in the corona.…”

Section: Plate Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic morphometric analysis of growth of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma (Echinodermata:Echinoidea:Clypeasteroida)

Zachos

2015

Zootaxa

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Holistic morphometrics is a term implying complete shape characterization of all of the structural parts of an organism. The skeleton of an echinoid is comprised of hundreds of individual plates arranged in a closed 3-dimensional mosaic forming the test. GIS software and techniques were used to generate topologically correct digital models of an ontogenetic series of specimens of the sand dollar echinoid Echinarachnius parma. Plate growth can be considered in proportion to overall skeleton growth, resulting in a linear model of relative growth. Alternatively, separate logistic equations can be fit to the ontogenetic series of homologous plate areas using nonlinear least squares regression to result in a model for instantaneous growth. The linear and logistic parameters of the models describe the allometric growth of plates from different viewpoints. Growth is shown to fall into characteristic patterns defining distinct plate growth domains associated with development of the imago (larval) skeleton just prior to metamorphosis, early growth associated with expansion of the corona and fold-over (forming the flattened body form), juvenile growth and formation of petals, and adult growth. Functions of growth, plate translocation, plate juxtaposition between aboral and oral surfaces, and relationships with internal buttressing are quantified. Results offer explanations for general skeletal symmetry, distinction between ambulacral and interambulacral growth, the relationship of growth to internal buttressing, existence of a distinct petalodium, and anterior-posterior asymmetry during development. The parametric values of growth functions derived from the results are a basis for computational modeling of growth and development in sand dollars.

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“…O crescimento, dado por mudanças na massa, diâmetro e forma da testa (Ebert, 2007), se dá com uma taxa relativamente alta, iniciando-se logo após a metamorfose podendo o individuo atingir 0,84cm em 36 semanas, e 2,3cm em 84 semanas no laboratório (Watts et al, 2007). Para Lytechinus variegatus e…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análise espaço-temporal da composição da dieta, preferência alimentar e desenvolvimento de gônadas de Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) no infralitoral rochoso da enseada de Parati-Mirim (Paraty, RJ)

Kasamatsu¹

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Growth and Survival of Postsettlement Sea Urchins

Cited by 28 publications

References 131 publications

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Holistic morphometric analysis of growth of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma (Echinodermata:Echinoidea:Clypeasteroida)

Análise espaço-temporal da composição da dieta, preferência alimentar e desenvolvimento de gônadas de Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) no infralitoral rochoso da enseada de Parati-Mirim (Paraty, RJ)

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