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Significance In this report we describe a group of highly complex glycosides active against hepatitis C virus and a separate group of natural products active against established targets for the control of diabetes mellitus. These complex metabolites were found in the rare plant Diplostephium rhododendroides Hieron. from the mountains of Ecuador. This report illustrates the human health significance of protecting rare and endangered plants for the control of new and emerging diseases. The extinction of this particular plant would have taken with it promising opportunities to develop unique treatments for the control of two modern-day disease challenges. The genus Diplostephium is represented by several plant species with a history of use in traditional medicine in Central and South America.

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