Growth and Reproduction of Viscaria alpina on Greenland Soils with High and Low Copper Concentrations

Petersen, Phil; Philipp, Madison A.

doi:10.2307/1551215

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Rune () has noted that the alpine plants are largely semelparous, that is, die after flowering; this was confirmed by Petersen & Philipp () on Greenland and by H. Prentice (pers. comm.)…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In North America, it occurs in the eastern boreal and arctic areas from Baffin Island, Labrador, Newfoundland, Mt Albert in the Gasp e Peninsula to Hudson Bay in Canada (Aiken et al 2007); formerly, it was reported to be present from New England to Ohio, including the White Montains in the Appalachians, New Hampshire, USA (Gray & Fernald 1950), but this might have been in error for introduced Silene viscaria. It has also been reported from southern and central Greenland, extending as far north as 72°30′ in the west and to 73°06′ in the east (Petersen & Philipp 1986;Fredskild 1996). It is notably missing from the Faroe Isles and the arctic Novaya Zemlya, Russia.…”

Section: Geographical and Altitudinal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although S. suecica is not an exclusive metallophyte, it is able to tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu, Ni or Pb and is able to store ‘abnormally’ high concentrations of those metals (> 20 μg g −1 dry mass Cu and Ni, and > 80 μg g −1 Pb) in its tissues, as was shown in herbarium specimens across Scandinavia (Brooks, Trow & Bolviken ; Brooks, Trow & Fredskild ) and in Greenland (Brooks, Trow & Fredskild ; Petersen & Philipp ). On the Scottish site, leaves of S. suecica contained on average 74 μg g −1 dry mass Ni, 12 μg g −1 Cu and 83 μg g −1 Cr (Proctor & Johnston ; Proctor et al .…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…There are several reports of soil analyses from sites where S. suecica occurs (Proctor & Johnston ; Brooks & Crooks ; Petersen & Philipp ; Proctor et al . ).…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). The taproot of S. suecica usually provides sufficient means to resist frost heaving, except on the shallow soils that often occur on copper mine sites, where frost action can result in death (Petersen & Philipp ). Summer drought has been observed to cause extensive death of S. suecica plants on alvar in Öland (H. Prentice, pers.…”

Section: Response To Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles:Silene suecica

Nagy¹

2013

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet (Lychnis alpina L.) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Silene suecica is native to the British flora, being found in just two confirmed localities (one in north-west England and the other in Scotland) on open fell-field and rocky outcrop habitats. It occurs on acid to neutral soil in Britain and elsewhere its circum-arctic range. It often indicates elevated concentrations of copper or other heavy metals, whose presence in the soil restricts the growth of other species; therefore, S. suecica is perceived as a stress-tolerant, competition-avoiding species. Nonetheless, it also grows in more or less closed alpine grassland in Europe; in North America and Greenland, it is known from tundra, rocky barrens, gulleys and river outwashes, grassy slopes and sea cliffs. 3. Silene suecica is a (semi-)rosette plant with a strong taproot, with no capacity for vegetative spread. The main perennating organ is the slightly lignified rootstock/taproot. The rosette has winter-green leaves; after flowering the rosette leaves die, but new lateral rosettes may be produced in the following year. The longevity of the species is between 3 and 10 years, with the time of first flowering depending on rosette size. Plants that have flowered may die (semelparous individuals), but some are iteroparous and flower again on lateral shoots. 4. Silene suecica produces protandrous hermaphrodite flowers, but self-pollination may occur. In Scotland about 10% of all plants flower in any year. Pollination is by a range of insects, including flies and bees. Capsules produce up to 80 seeds (mean = 30). 5. Silene suecica has probably not declined in the British Isles and, in fact, a slight population expansion in permanent plots was observed in Scotland in the early 1990s. Nonetheless, it remains classed as vulnerable to extinction because of its restricted distribution. Both of its British locations are protected as SSSI and SAC (Natura 2000) within national parks. It is common in many countries within its distribution range.Key-words: climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soils Alpine catchfly. Caryophyllaceae. Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet (Lychnis alpina L.; Viscaria alpina (L.) Don) is a (semi-)rosette plant of low stature with a distinct whorl of caespitose, ground-hugging, crowded basal leaves. Flowering stems glabrous, erect or ascending, 5-15(35) cm, growing either from the main rosette or from side shoots that form from...

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“…Rune () has noted that the alpine plants are largely semelparous, that is, die after flowering; this was confirmed by Petersen & Philipp () on Greenland and by H. Prentice (pers. comm.)…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Geographical and Altitudinal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…There are several reports of soil analyses from sites where S. suecica occurs (Proctor & Johnston ; Brooks & Crooks ; Petersen & Philipp ; Proctor et al . ).…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response To Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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