Growth and Proliferation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Fully Synthetic Scaffolds Based on Carbon Nanotubes

Brunner, Eric W.; Jurewicz, Izabela; Heister, Elena; Fahimi, Azin; Bo, Chiara; Sear, Richard P.; Donovan, Peter; Dalton, Alan B.

doi:10.1021/am405097w

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is an important step prior to extensive use of CNT-based hydrogels for biomedical applications11. Carbon-nanotube-based scaffolds have been used to regenerate bone35 and nerves36 and to culture stem cells37. In recent years, a large variety of nanomaterials, including carbon-based, polymeric, ceramic and metals have been encapsulated within hydrogels to obtain composite hydrogels with superior properties and desired functionality38.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies

Joddar

Garcia

Casas

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

106

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Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca2+ ions. However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels were porous, and showed significantly less degradation after 14 days compared to alginate alone. In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. Among all the MWCNT-alginates, the 1 mg/ml gels showed significantly greater stiffness compared to all other cases. These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies

Joddar

Garcia

Casas

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

106

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“…These results suggest that nanotopography of MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds may control/alter cellular behavior. It is well known that nanotopography plays an important role in regulating cellular functions such as cell attachment, proliferation, migration and differentiation, thereby directly influencing metastasis, wound repair and embryogenesis [3, 34, 46]. Tutak et.al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for tissue engineering

Lalwani

Gopalan

D’Agati

et al. 2015

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Assembly of carbon nanomaterials into three-dimensional (3D) architectures is necessary to harness their unique physiochemical properties for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Herein, we report the fabrication and comprehensive cytocompatibility assessment of 3D chemically crosslinked macro-sized (5–8 mm height and 4–6 mm diameter) porous carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds. Scaffolds prepared via radical initiated thermal crosslinking of single- or multi- walled CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) possess high porosity (>80%), and nano-, micro- and macro-scale interconnected pores. MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells on MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds showed good cell viability comparable to poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds after 5 days. Confocal live cell and immunofluorescence imaging showed that MC3T3 cells were metabolically active and could attach, proliferate and infiltrate MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds. SEM imaging corroborated cell attachment and spreading and suggested that cell morphology is governed by scaffold surface roughness. MC3T3 cells were elongated on scaffolds with high surface roughness (MWCNTs) and rounded on scaffolds with low surface roughness (SWCNTs). The surface roughness of scaffolds may be exploited to control cellular morphology, and in turn govern cell fate. These results indicate that crosslinked MWCNTs and SWCNTs scaffolds are cytocompatible, and open avenues towards development of multifunctional all-carbon scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

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“…The human ESCs were shown to prefer rough surfaces compared to smoother surfaces ( Fig. 4.4) [143]. However, the CNTs are electrically conductive, which might complicate the nanotopological effects on the pluripotency maintenance of cells and the mechanisms behind.…”

Section: Nano-/micro-topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creating well-defined micro-or nano-patterns provides nano-/micro-topological cues to control the fate of cells. In the previous part of PSC self-renewal, the nano-grooves and nano-pillars tailored at certain sizes have already been demonstrated to be effective in preserving the pluripotency, through the change in PSC integrin interactions with underlying nano-recognition sites, and consequently the altered cell-cell interactions and cellular aggregation [142][143][144]146]. For the PSC differentiation, not only the initial integrin-ligand interactions but the distribution of patterns of the nano-/ micro-topologies that can affect the middle-and long-term behaviors, such as polarization, migration, and cytoskeletal elongation is also important.…”

Section: Nano-/micro-topographymentioning

confidence: 99%