Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of CD117+ Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Cells

Abstract

B ACKGROUND:Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) and periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) have been suggested as valuable seed cells for bone engineering, suggesting that both stem cells are potential osteogenic sources. Since DPSC and PDLSC seem like to have similar potential in bone formation, we conducted a study to compare morphology, immunophenotype and cell growth of DPSC and PDLSC isolated from the same teeth. METHODS:Human dental pulps and periodontal ligaments were obtained from freshly extracted partial impacted third molar teeth. Collected samples were digested with type I collagenase. Resulted cell suspension was washed and cultured. For biomarker identification, the cells were fixed and bound with anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-cluster of differentiation (CD)117 antibody. For cell growth quantification, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used.Meanwhile for osteogenic differentiation, the cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 1-3 weeks, fixed and stained with alizarin red. RESULTS:Morphology of dental pulps cell (DPC) and periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) in passage 5 was similar. Clear CD117 green fluorescence of DPC and PDLC in passage 5 was observed. Cell growth rate of PDLC was higher than the one of DPC, 0.3858 and 0.3848 respectively. DPC formed bone nodule on the third week culture in osteogenic medium, while PDLC showed bone nodule formation on the second week culture. CONCLUSION:We suggest that DPC and PDLC are potential seed cells for osteogenic regeneration, since they had cell growth capacity and osteogenic differentiation, particularly PDLC that had faster osteogenic differentiation.

Role of Herbal Extract in Stem Cell Development

“…13 The application of stem cell therapy in the medical field are rapidly developing. Efforts to achieve the applications also vary, such as the development of stem cell and its microenvironment isolation methods 14,15 , development of methods to increase the number of stem cells [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , the development of stem cell differentiation methods 23 (including cell reprogramming) 24,25 , stem cell storage methods 26,27 , the development of stem cell transplantation methods 16,28 , etc. Since then, some particular stem cell types with their potential differentiation capacities can be isolated and cultured to meet the requirement of each clinical study to be explored.…”

“…Meanwhile, in some circumstances, cell number is not enough, so therefore cell number should be enriched in an in vitro stem cell culture setting. 16,17,[19][20][21][22] In an in vitro stem cell culture, besides suitable and sterile equipment, reagents such as culture medium, serum and antibiotics are all important. Although all those criteria are fulfilled, somehow stem cell enrichment cannot be achieved, cell number is still below the target.…”

Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Its role in tooth development, types, surface antigens and differentiation potential

“…3 Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC), one of the examples of MSCs in teeth, is considered to share the same properties with MSCs and have several therapeutic potentials. 2 Thus repair, restoration and replacement of teeth are possible with the usage of stem cells. Significantly non-dental used such as stem cell-based therapies for major life-threatening disease may also be possible.…”

“…Another example is DPSC that has higher capacity of self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation, express CD34 and CD117. 2,3 Multipotent differentiation potential Stem cells are categorized by their potential to differentiate into other types of cells which are totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent. Multipotent stem cells have the ability differentiate into all cell types within one particular lineage and self-renewing.…”