Growth and nutritional responses of wild and domesticated cacao genotypes to soil Cd stress

Arévalo-Hernández, César O.; Arévalo‐Gardini, Enrique; Barraza, Fiorella; Farfán, Abel; He, Zhenli; Baligar, V. C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144021

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In this case, the differences could probably be attributable to genotypic variations in the partitioning of Cd between the tubers and the rest of the plant, particularly the proportion of Cd that was retained in the roots and leaves. This argument was recently advanced by [102,103], that genotypic variations in terms of heavy metals exist in plants e.g., in sweet potatoes and tomatoes. It was proven in this study that there was no significant net influx of metals into the shoot tissue as none were found in the shoot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars irrigated with Fly Ash-Treated Acid Mine Drainage

2023

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In water-scant regions, the reuse of (un)treated acid mine drainage effluent (AMD) water for crop irrigation has turned into a prerequisite. The study assesses the levels of heavy metals, and health risk assessment in two potato crop cultivars, namely, Fianna and Lady rosetta (both determinate and indeterminate) when exposed to irrigation with different fly ash: acid mine drainage amelioration ratios. The study investigates the health risk assessment in the potato tissues namely, stem, tubers, new and old leaves of the potato cultivars. The treatments constituted a control, 50% FA: AMD, 75% FA: AMD ratio, and 100% AMD (untreated AMD). The results showed that the heavy metals of plants irrigated with AMD mixed with FA was significantly affected differently at harvest. In summary, the concentration of Cd was over the WHO acceptable standards in untreated acid mine drainage water. Fianna recorded 1.34 mg/kg while a notably decrease was observed in Lady rosetta with (1.01 mg/kg). In any case, FA was proven to significantly lessen the Cd particles in both FA-AMD ratios: Cd content was 0.98 mg/kg and 0.84 mg/kg in 50% FA: AMD treatment for Fianna and Lady rosetta separately, while the recommended maximum limit is 0.1 mg/kg. With the readings recorded, they are slightly high according to the CODEX general standard for food contaminants and toxins in food and feed (CODEX STAN 193-1995). Then again, in 75% FA: AMD ratio, the Cd concentration was 0.04 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg for Fianna and Lady rosetta exclusively. It is in this way obvious that FA adsorbed the Cd ions, and the two cultivars fulfill the CODEX guideline, nonetheless the potato crop irrigated with a 75% FA: AMD ratio can be consumed by humans without causing any detrimental effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars irrigated with Fly Ash-Treated Acid Mine Drainage

2023

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“…As discussed above, the work by Ullah et al (2018) and Moore et al (2020) identified TcNRAMP5 as a potentially important gene for Cd uptake in cacao, and thus as a potential target for genetic selection or modification. A recent greenhouse experiment with 53 wild and domesticated cacao genotypes proposed 11 cacao clones as low Cd accumulators which can be potentially exploited for future work (Arévalo-Hernández et al 2020). However, soils in that study were spiked to extreme Cd concentrations (25 mg Cd kg -34 1 ), a follow-up experiment with more environmentally relevant soil Cd concentrations is needed to truly confirm those cultivars as low Cd accumulators.…”

Section: Genetics As a Potential Mitigation Strategy For CD In Cacaomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the level of cadmium in cacao products: Reviewing the transfer of cadmium from soil to chocolate bar

Vanderschueren

Argüello

Blommaert

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The variety of cacao may play a role in the bioprocess of Cd. Some studies have focused on researching that role in greenhouse experiments (Arévalo-Hernández et al, 2021 ) or in germplasm bank assessments where semi-controlled conditions can be found (Lewis et al, 2018 ). However, evaluating cacao genetic varieties in established cacao fields is a challenging task as each farm has a different genetic arrangement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the cadmium content of cacao crops in Arauca, Colombia

Bravo,

Quiroga-Mateus,

López-Casallas

et al. 2024

Environ Monit Assess

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The district of Arauca is the second-largest producer of cacao in Colombia. However, despite its quality, it faces issues for export due to levels of cadmium (Cd) higher than the regulatory thresholds. A central question is how it may impact agricultural performance in the presence of Cd in cacao and chocolates. This study quantified Cd in cacao plantations from Arauca. Thus, 180 farms were assessed in the municipalities of Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena, and Tame. Five sample types (soil, irrigation channel sediment, soil litter, cacao seeds, and chocolates) were assessed for Cd. As a technological innovation, the new MXRF technology was used for Cd in chocolates. The sequence of Cd content was soil litter > chocolate > soils > cacao seeds > irrigation-channel sediment. A gradient north–south of Cd content in soil was observed, where highest content was found in farms near the Arauca River, and lower farther away. In irrigation channel sediment, Cd levels averaged 0.07 mg kg−1. The Cd content in cacao seeds was 0.78 mg kg−1 on average. Cd content in chocolates was above the threshold (1.10 mg kg−1 on average, including several cacao mass percentages). These artisanal chocolate bars produced by single farms were near the limit of Cd set by the European Union (up to 0.8 mg kg−1). Therefore, mixing beans from different farms could reduce their Cd content. The present study underscores the complexity of Cd distribution, emphasizing the importance of integrating soil, crop, and landscape features in managing and mitigating Cd levels in cacao.

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Growth and nutritional responses of wild and domesticated cacao genotypes to soil Cd stress

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Heavy Metal Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars irrigated with Fly Ash-Treated Acid Mine Drainage

Heavy Metal Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars irrigated with Fly Ash-Treated Acid Mine Drainage

Mitigating the level of cadmium in cacao products: Reviewing the transfer of cadmium from soil to chocolate bar

Assessing the cadmium content of cacao crops in Arauca, Colombia

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