Growth and nutrition of containerized <i>Pinus</i><i>resinosa</i> at exponentially increasing nutrient additions

Timmer, V. R.; Armstrong, G.

doi:10.1139/x87-105

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Seedlings were rinsed in distilled water, separated at the root collar, composited by treatment-replicate, dried in an oven at 70 ºC for 48 hours, and weighed. Chemical analysis was then conducted according to methods described in Timmer and Armstrong [41]. Vector diagnosis [20] was used to examine temporal changes in growth and nutrient status during the hardening period as demonstrated with N using sequential sampling data.…”

Section: Sampling and Vector Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient loading, or extra-high fertilization that builds up internal nutrient reserves during nursery culture, has been shown to improve outplanting performance of overwintered seedlings both in the field [30,32,42] and in pot trials [34,46] as the stored nutrients are retranslocated to growing apices during the initial flush of shoot expansion after transplanting when new root growth is restricted [41]. Nutrient loading before hardening may counter late-season dilution [39], although some growers are reluctant to adopt this practice because of concerns that high N fertilization may jeopardize frosthardiness development in seedlings prior to winter storage [2,17,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late-season fertilization of Picea mariana seedlings under greenhouse culture: biomass and nutrient dynamics

2002

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-Conventional nursery culture of containerized black spruce (Picea mariana Mill. B.S.P.) seedlings usually involves a lateseason interval, commonly called the "hardening period", when fertilization and water are withheld to promote frost-hardiness. Considerable growth may occur during this time which may lead to internal nutrient dilution, a condition often detrimental to subsequent field performance. Continued late season fertilization (at 6 or 12 mg N seedling -1 ) of seedlings during the hardening period was tested as a technique to prevent late season nutrient dilution and possibly to increase nutrient reserves. Root growth was increased much more than shoot growth during this period. Late-season fertilization raised N, P and K uptake as much as 164, 70 and 32% respectively, compared to conventionally fertilized seedlings with no late-season fertilization. Depending on dose rate and pre-hardening nutrient loading, this technique demonstrates the potential to build internal nutrient reserves in seedlings. Nutrient dilution was temporarily averted by lateseason fertilization suggesting that intensive and prolonged nutrient supplementation during the hardening period may further delay or eliminate nutrient dilution in seedlings.black spruce / hardening period / nitrogen / nutrient dilution / nutrient loading Résumé -Fertilisation en fin de saison des plants de Picea mariana cultivés en serre : dynamique de la biomasse et des éléments nutritifs. Dans les pépinières, l'élevage en container de plants de Picea mariana (Mill. B.S.P.) comporte normalement en fin de saison une phase appelée « période d'endurcissement » pendant laquelle fertilisation et arrosage sont supprimés pour améliorer la résistance au froid. La croissance, au cours de cette période, peut être importante d'où une dilution interne des éléments nutritifs affectant souvent les performances ultérieures sur le terrain. On a testé une technique consistant à prolonger la fertilisation pendant la période d'endurcissement (6 à 12 mg N par plant) pour éviter, en fin d'élevage, une dilution des éléments nutritifs, voire en augmenter la teneur. Pendant cette période, le gain de croissance du système racinaire a été plus élevé que celui des parties aériennes. Cette fertilisation en fin de saison se traduit par un prélèvement en N, P et K accru de respectivement 164, 70 et 32 % par rapport à celui observé avec le régime de fertilisation classique. Dépendant du régime de fertilité antérieur avant endurcissement et de la dose d'éléments nutritifs adoptée, cette technique dé-montre qu'il est possible d'agir sur la quantité de réserves en éléments des plants. Une fertilisation en fin de saison interrompt temporairement le processus de dilution des éléments. Ceci permet de penser que l'apport intensif et prolongé d'éléments pendant la période d'endurcissement peut retarder ou éviter la dilution en éléments des plants.Picea mariana / période d'endurcissement / azote / dilution des éléments nutritifs / changements nutritifs Ann. For. Sci. 59 (2002) [255][2...

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Section: Sampling and Vector Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-season fertilization of Picea mariana seedlings under greenhouse culture: biomass and nutrient dynamics

2002

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“…Therefore, supplying full-element solutions to plants in lower nutrient concentration but higher nutrient addition rate during the exponential growth phase may generally provide a better rationale to build steady-state nutrition in seedlings, which subsequently induces maximum plant growth (Ingestad and Lund 1986;Ingestad 1987;Timmer and Armstrong 1987;Zabek and Prescott 2007). Exponential rather than constant fertilizer addition can promote early root development and better match relative growth and nutrient consumption during the exponential growth phase of seedlings Imo and Timmer 1992;Xu and Timmer 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it was concluded in some species such as Pinus resinosa Ait. (Timmer and Armstrong 1987), Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics ofMytilaria laosensisseedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations

Lin

Zeng

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The growth characteristics and nutrient uptake dynamics of Mytilaria laosensis Lec. seedlings treated weekly with conventional and exponential fertilizations were investigated at intervals of 3 weeks for 12 weeks in a greenhouse. Leaf area and pigment compositions were also examined at the final harvest. The fertility treatments (mg nitrogen seedling -1 ) included two conventional (50C and 100C) and four exponential (50E, 100E, 200E and 400E) fertilizations, and no fertilization (0) as control. The biomass and nutrient contents of M. laosensis seedlings increased exponentially with time. Steady-state nutrition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were achieved under exponential fertilization treatment of 50 mg N seedling À1 (50E) and conventional fertilization treatment of 100 mg N seedling -1 (100C), resulting from simultaneous increase of their biomass and nutrient contents. The nutrient uptake efficiency continuously increased over time in conventionally fertilized seedlings, but it increased initially and declined or remained stable from 11 weeks after transplanting in the exponentially fertilized seedlings. At the end of the experiment, the conventionally fertilized seedlings performed remarkably better than all exponentially fertilized seedlings except for seedlings in the exponential treatment of 200 mg N seedling -1 (200E) in height, root collar diameter and biomass. The optimum N and P uptake occurred in 200E seedlings because their N and P contents were 71%/60% and 14%/9% higher than both conventionally fertilized seedlings (50C/100C) without significant differences in growth performance between them. The leaf areas and chlorophyll contents of seedlings increased significantly with the increase of fertilizer levels and nearly peaked at the range from 100 to 200 mg N seedling -1 , whereas the delivery schedule (conventional and exponential) had little effect on leaf areas and chlorophyll contents of seedlings at the same nutrient level (50 or 100 mg N seedling -1 ). These findings will provide evidence to make guidelines on fertilization for nursery production of M. laosensis, and help understand the nutrient demands for this species and further benefit the development of its plantations.

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“…Another approach is that of exponential fertilization, where the rate of fertilization is increased exponentially in concert with the exponential growth of the the tree seedling. In one such study (Timmer and Armstrong 1987b), the results indicated that superior seedlings can be produced at significantly lower fertilization levels than at conventional fertilization levels.…”

Section: Seedling Nutrition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stock Production Research in Canada: A Historical Perspective

Glerum¹

1990

The Forestry Chronicle

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The development of stock production research in Canada is described, within the context of the Canadian federated system of government. The first two full-time career researchers in stock production started in the fifties and were employed by provincial governments. At that time, most of the research was on bareroot stock. The development of containerized stock production in Canada is briefly described, as well as the impact container stock has had on the stock production scene. Some of the more prominent findings in stock production research on such topics as storage, fertilization, frost hardiness, photoperidicity and root growth are briefly discussed. Concern over governmental funding is also expressed.

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Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinusresinosa at exponentially increasing nutrient additions

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Late-season fertilization of Picea mariana seedlings under greenhouse culture: biomass and nutrient dynamics

Late-season fertilization of Picea mariana seedlings under greenhouse culture: biomass and nutrient dynamics

Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics ofMytilaria laosensisseedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations

Stock Production Research in Canada: A Historical Perspective

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