Growth and development of <i>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum</i> (Aizoaceae)

Adams, Patricia H.; Nelson, Don E.; Yamada, Shigehiro; Chmara, Wendy; Jensen, Richard G.; Bohnert, Hans J.; Griffiths, Howard

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00111.x

Cited by 302 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…The observation that weak CAM can develop in M. crystallinum grown in non-saline conditions has led to the suggestion that the occurrence of CAM in M. crystallinum is an inevitable developmental process that is accelerated by stresses such as salinity (Cushman et al 1990;Herppich et al 1992;Adams et al 1998;Lü ttge 2004). However, in this study, M. crystallinum grown for up to 63 days of age in the absence of added NaCl, by which time the plants had five side branches that supported ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79% of the leaf area i.e. had completed about two-third of their life cycle until flowering and were mature by definition (Adams et al 1998;Bohnert and Cushman 2000), did not at any stage of their development exhibit CAM-like net CO 2 fixation or net carbon gain in the dark (Figs. 1 and 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, our study helps to resolve the conflicting interpretations in the literature about the nature of CAM activity in mature/old plants of M. crystallinum cultivated under non-saline conditions (Schmitt et al 1996;Winter and Smith 1996;Adams et al 1998). CO 2 exchange and plant measurements Shoots of 2-or 3-week-old plants were sealed in a translucent Plexiglas gas-exchange cuvette located in the temperature-controlled growth chamber in which the plants had been maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The induction of CAM in M. crystallinum is not salt-specific, drought and other treatments that reduce water availability can also elicit CAM, and some CAM activity may even occur in mature to old plants in the absence of a stress treatment. The latter observation has led some authors to conclude that the switch from C 3 photosynthesis to CAM is primarily a developmental phenomenon, and that salinity merely accelerates an inevitable, essentially irreversible ontogenetic process (von Willert and Kramer 1972;Herppich et al 1992;Adams et al 1998;Cushman and Borland 2002;Lu¨ttge 2004). However, growth of a halophyte under non-saline conditions may eventually become stressful because the plant will lack the salts required for adequate osmotic adjustment and turgor maintenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of salinity, crassulacean acid metabolism and plant age on the carbon isotope composition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic C3-CAM species

Winter

Holtum

2005

Planta

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The carbon isotope composition of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (Aizoaceae) changes when plants are exposed to environmental stress and when they shift from C 3 to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). We examined the coupling between carbon isotope composition and photosynthetic pathway by subjecting plants of different ages to salinity and humidity treatments. Whole shoot d 13 C values became less negative in plants that were exposed to 400 mM NaCl in the hydroponic solution. The isotopic change had two components: a direct NaCl effect that was greatest in plants still operating in the C 3 mode and decreased proportionally with increasing levels of dark fixation, and a second component related to the degree of CAM expression. Ignoring the presumably diffusionrelated NaCl effect on carbon isotope ratios results in an overestimation of nocturnal CO 2 gain in comparison to an isotope versus nocturnal CO 2 gain calibration established previously for C 3 and CAM species grown under well-watered conditions. It is widely taken for granted that the shift to CAM in M. crystallinum is partially under developmental control and that CAM is inevitably expressed in mature plants. Plants, cultivated under non-saline conditions and high relative humidity (RH) for up to 63 days, maintained diel CO 2 gas-exchange patterns and d 13 C values typical of C 3 plants. However, a weak CAM gas-exchange pattern and an increase in d 13 C value were observed in non-salt-treated plants grown at reduced RH. These observations are consistent with environmental control rather than developmental control of the induction of CAM in mature M. crystallinum under non-saline conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effects of salinity, crassulacean acid metabolism and plant age on the carbon isotope composition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic C3-CAM species

Winter

Holtum

2005

Planta

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“…Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (the common ice plant, Aizoaceae, Caryophyllales), a facultative halophyte, is widely used as a model plant to study the response to environmental stresses under aspects of genetics, physiology and biochemistry (Adams et al, 1998;Bohnert and Cushman, 2000). This species arose initially from the discovery of its ability to shift from C 3 photosynthesis to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) when exposed to salinity, drought, and temperature extremes (Bohnert and Cushman, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Urea-Type Cytokinins On The Adventitious Shoots Regeneration From Cotyledonary Node Explant in Thecommon Ice Plant,Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum

Sunagawa

Agarie

Umemoto

et al. 2007

Plant Production Science

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Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Lüttge

2008

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a carbon dioxide acquisition, carbon dioxide transient storage and carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism of plants based on organic acid synthesis. In this variant of photosynthesis carbon dioxide can be fixed nocturnally in the dark and is used during the day for assimilation in the light. This has arisen polyphyletically many times during evolution. It is an ecophysiological adaptation that allows carbon dioxide acquisition with exceptionally economic use of water. It is regulated in a natural night/day rhythm but can also oscillate freely under the control of circadian biological clocks. Key concepts Metabolic mechanisms concentrating carbon dioxide internally in plants are important for photosynthesis at the low external carbon dioxide concentration in the present atmosphere. Rearranged internal management of available metabolic housekeeping functions can generate new metabolic options of adaptive value. Generation of isoforms of housekeeping enzymes can facilitate polyphyletic evolution of new metabolic pathways. Circadian oscillations can be controlled by different biological clocks, which are feedback related to each other and present in many copies. Flexibility in the expression of metabolic pathway variants facilitates adaptation under variable stress situations. Stress adaptation in plants is for survival and mostly not for high productivity.

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Growth and development of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae)

Cited by 302 publications

References 99 publications

The effects of salinity, crassulacean acid metabolism and plant age on the carbon isotope composition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic C3-CAM species

The effects of salinity, crassulacean acid metabolism and plant age on the carbon isotope composition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic C3-CAM species

Effect of Urea-Type Cytokinins On The Adventitious Shoots Regeneration From Cotyledonary Node Explant in Thecommon Ice Plant,Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

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