Growth and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic thin films by electrodeposition and sulfurization

Highly‐efficient superstrate Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell fabricated low‐cost methods

“…As the IPCE is proportional to the absorbed photons it can be taken as the absorption coefficient, that is, a linear region in (IPCE × hν ) 2 is expected for a direct absorption edge. The extrapolation to zero of the linear fitting gives the position of the direct band gap energy at 1.54 eV, close to the accepted value for CZTS .…”

Effects of metal ion concentration on electrodeposited CuZnSn film and its application in kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells

“…Solar cells using electrodeposited Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) and Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) with efficiency up to 8.0% [15][16][17][18] have been reported. Generally speaking, electrodeposition of CZT metallic film can be achieved by deposition of Cu/Zn/Sn stacked elemental layers using separate electrolyte solutions containing each metal ion via a multi -steps method [18][19][20][21][22] , or by co-deposition using a single solution containing all metal ions in one -step [23][24][25][26][27] . The method based on co-electrodeposition has advantages over the stacked elemental layers method because of its simpler procedure, which is more favorable for highthroughput production.…”

“…[15][16][17][18] Generally speaking, the electrodeposition of CZT metallic lm can be achieved by the deposition of Cu/Zn/Sn stacked elemental layers using separate electrolyte solutions containing each metal ion via a multi-step method, [18][19][20][21][22] or by co-deposition using a single solution containing all the metal ions in one step. [23][24][25][26][27] The method based on co-electrodeposition has advantages over the stacked elemental layers method because of its simpler procedure, which is more favorable for high-throughput production. However, compared to the stacked elemental layers approach, it is more challenging to control the co-electrodeposition process of CZT lm due to the complexity of the electrolyte system and the different reduction potentials of the metal ions.…”

In situ synthesis of two-dimensional leaf-like Cu2ZnSnS4 plate arrays as a Pt-free counter electrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

“…Then the precursor CZT film is under solvothermal treatment in a sealed autoclave containing sulfur powders and ethanol for 6 h. It is mentioned in previous studies that homogeneous deposition of the metallic precursor is important to obtain a compact and robust multi-metal sulfide film. [23][24][25][26] Hence, various parameters (such as concentrations and potential) for electrodeposition of metallic elements were adjusted, specifically for Sn and Zn deposition. Because the Sn prefers to form a lump morphology and the Zn tends to become island shaped most likely due to the side reaction of H 2 evolution.…”