Growth and characterization of 6-chloro-2,4-dinitroaniline crystals in anti-solvent precipitation and reprecipitation methods

Abstract

A superstructure was formed on form I of 6-chloro-2, 4-dinitroaniline crystals. It was observed using a slow evaporation solution growth technique and crystals grown from slow evaporation of the filtrate in anti-solvent precipitation. The thickness of 2D petals in the superstructure is about 100 nm.

Systematic solvate screening of trospium chloride: discovering hydrates of a long-established pharmaceutical

“…2 Artful methods applied for polymorph and solvate screens are being introduced, 3 but basically the solvent-based techniques used in the solid form screening narrow down to solvent evaporation, 4 anti-solvent addition 5 and slurrying. It is also often supplemented for long-known APIs already established on the market, as new forms might provide unexpected advantageous properties or explain unanswered problems which arise during production, transfer, generic development or reformulation to a new drug with combination of more APIs.…”

Fabrication of Strontium Nitrate Nanoparticles through a Spraying‐in Non‐Solvent Process Optimized by Taguchi Approach

“…As seen in Figure , the amounts of needle crystals in some trials are reasonably less than others, which proposes that the operation conditions of the recrystallization method, likewise the amount and approach of addition of saturated water solution into the non‐solvent control the morphology of the crystals. The SEM images of Figure appears that the operational conditions, i. e., approach of addition of the saturated water solution and types of modifier and non‐solvent has a direct influence on the supersaturation for the creation of different morphologies . These trends are observed due to the difference in solubility of strontium nitrate in diverse solvents and their miscibility which are considered to be significant for the creation of final morphology of the precipitated particles.…”

“…These trends are observed due to the difference in solubility of strontium nitrate in diverse solvents and their miscibility which are considered to be significant for the creation of final morphology of the precipitated particles. In fact, some chief solvent parameters for instance the Hildebrand and Scott's solubility (δ), electron donor number (DN) and also the Gutman's electron acceptor number (AN) could be considered to describe the creation of the particles with different morphologies . The high δ value of water in comparison with the other used solvents indicates that the cohesive energy density (as the square root of the vaporization heat respect to the molar volume) which is requisite for separation of the solvent molecules from each other is greater than the other used solvents in the trials and water has an extraordinary intermolecular attractive force.…”

“…The proper miscibility of (non‐)solvents with water and robust interactions of the solute–water support the creation of a special morphology in the resulted crystals. The result of the introducing the non‐solvent proposes that though modifier or non‐solvent cover the microenvironment of the water solution promptly, the extent of time to induce the resulted morphology probably is dissimilar in diverse trials . The solubility of strontium nitrate in diverse solvents and the miscibility of the solvents are reasonable to influence on the nucleation and crystal growth steps in the formed mixed solution, while their outcome may cause predominating the formation of needle shape in the applied re‐precipitation process in competition with spherical shape formation.…”

“…In fact, the observed fluctuations in shape of the formed strontium nitrate particles at different trials are due to variations in their forming solution composition and consistent vicissitudes in the interfacial energy of the crystalsolution. [29,30 ] By focusing on the SEM images of different samples (shown in Figure 1), it could be concluded that the irregular and rugged surfaces of the initially formed crystals are the sources for the construction of these structures. It is expected that proper miscibility of non-solvent, modifier solvent and water accompanied by strong interactions of solute-water control the creation of nano-sized crystals.…”