Growth and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Perilla as Affected by Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Electrical Conductivity of the Nutrient Solution

Lu, Na; Bernardo, Emmanuel L.; Tippayadarapanich, Chayanit; Takagaki, Michiko; Kagawa, Natsuko; Yamori, Wataru

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00708

Cited by 80 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Extraction was conducted according to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (Ministry of Health, Labour, & Welfare of Japan, ) and a method described in a previous article (Lu et al, ) with modifications. A sample, ca 20 mg of a dry leaf and ca 150 mg of a fresh leaf, was weighed accurately and transferred to a 1.5‐ml tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction was conducted according to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (Ministry of Health, Labour, & Welfare of Japan, 2017) and a method described in a previous article (Lu et al, 2017) with modifications.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of PA and RA was conducted according to methods described in previous literature with modifications (Jirovský et al, 2007;Lu et al, 2017;Natsume, Muto, Fukuda, Tokunaga, & Osakabe, 2006;Öztürk, Duru, İnce, Harmandar, & Topҫti, 2010;Sevindik et al, 2015;Vladimir-Knežević et al, 2014). HPLC was performed on a Shimadzu LC-20A Prominence system equipped with a SIL-20AC autosampler and a SPD-20A PDA detector using LabSolutions software (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).…”

Section: Pa and Ra Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drying the leaves of Perilla frutescens increases their content of anticancer nutraceuticals

Kagawa

Iguchi

Henzan

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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A regular intake of plant‐derived bioactive agents has gained popularity because of the health benefits. Fresh leafy greens, however, normally have a low concentration of such bioactive agents. In this study, we found that drying markedly affected the accumulation of secondary metabolites and that dried leaves of Perilla frutescens L. (perilla) contained more anticancer flavonoids than fresh leaves. Drying is a major method of food preparation, particularly for plant‐based foods, but the quality of the bioactive agents contained in the fresh and dried leaves of perilla has received only scant attention. Quantitative analysis of the concentrations of perillaldehyde, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, luteolin, 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and 4‐coumaric acid, some of which are known as nutraceuticals, revealed that the effect of drying significantly increased apigenin (28‐fold) and luteolin (86‐fold), but decreased rosmarinic acid in all leaf stages. We examined the positive effect on flavonoid levels on perilla leaves and confirmed that, by comparison with fresh perilla leaves, the dried leaves contained greater concentrations of anticancer flavonoids regardless of variety, form, or manner of cultivation. This indicates that drying can significantly increase the level of flavonoids in perilla leaves without a loss of flavor. Therefore, drying is a simple and effective method to improve the concentrations of bioactive agents, which increases the intake of beneficial substances derived from herbs and edible plants. This finding serves as a method for the supply of raw plant materials rich in bioactive agents that are suitable for labeling as edible nutraceuticals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pa and Ra Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drying the leaves of Perilla frutescens increases their content of anticancer nutraceuticals

Kagawa

Iguchi

Henzan

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…acuta Kudo f. crispa Makino, 0657-79TS, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan) seeds were sown in rockwool cubes (125 cm 3 ) in a cultivation room. e LI was set to 150 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 (the unit of µmol·m −2 ·s −1 represents photosynthetic photon flux density on the surface of cultivation containers) with a photoperiod of 16 h per day provided by cool white fluorescent lamps (FHF32 EX-N-H, Panasonic, Co., Ltd., Japan), and the plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution (Otsuka hydroponic composition, OAT Agrio Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) (Otsuka formula as described by Lu et al [16]). e electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the nutrient solution were adjusted to 1.2 dS·m −1 and 6.0, respectively.…”

Section: Perilla Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we found that rosmarinic acid (RA), a major phenylpropanoid compound in herbs of Lamiaceae family, is highly increased in P. frutescens grown under uptake stress created by a nutrient-limited condition combined with high light intensity (LI) in plant factories, while maintaining a constant concentration of perillaldehyde (PA), a main terpenoid found in perilla essential oils [16]. Given the differences that exist between terpenoids and phenylpropanoids with respect to biosynthetic pathways and accumulation, there likely are no synchronous increases in PA and RA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Productivity Optimized for Green and Red Forms of Perilla frutescens via Environmental Control Technologies in Plant Factory

Takagaki

Yamori

et al. 2018

Journal of Food Quality

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Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) is a dietary staple in Asia. It is an abundant source of avonoids that are bioactively bene cial to human health and tness. e current popularity of plant-based consumption is being driven by the healthful bene ts of bioactive nutrition, and the concentration of bioactive agents found in raw plant materials is an important factor in the assessment of food quality. To test the feasibility of promoting avonoid productivity in perilla plants via environmental treatment, plant factory technology was applied to perilla plant cultivation. Apigenin (AG) and luteolin (LT) are two of the most potent anticarcinogenic avonoids in perilla, and these are also found in many vegetables and fruits. Quantitative analysis of AG and LT was conducted on plants cultivated under nine environmental forms of treatment imposed by three levels of light intensity (100, 200, and 300 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) combined with three levels of nutrient-solution concentration (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 dS·m −1 ) for hydroculture. e contents of AG in green and red perilla plant were increased by high nutrient-solution levels under the same light intensity. In green perilla, the highest concentration of AG (8.50 µg·g −1 ) was obtained under treatment of the highest level of nutrient-solution (3.0 dS·m −1 ) and 200 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 of light intensity, whereas in red perilla, the highest concentration of AG (6.38 µg·g −1 ) was achieved from the highest levels of both of these forms of treatment (300 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 and 3.0 dS·m −1 ). e increase in AG content per plant between the lowest and the highest levels was recorded by 6.4-fold and 8.6-fold in green and red perilla, respectively. e behavior of LT concentration di ered between green and red forms of perilla. LT concentration in red perilla was enhanced under nutrient de ciency (1.0 dS·m −1 ) and a ected by light intensity. Di erent responses were observed in the accumulations of AG and LT in red and green perilla during treatments, and this phenomenon was discussed in terms of biosynthetic pathways that involve the expressions of phenylpropanoids and anthocyanins. e total yield of avonoids (AG and LT) was improved with the optimization of those forms of treatment, with the best total yields: 33.9 mg·plant −1 in green Perilla; 10.0 mg·plant −1 in red perilla, and a 4.9-fold and a 5.4-fold increase was recorded in green and red perilla, respectively. is study revealed that avone biosynthesis and accumulation in perilla plants could be optimized via environmental control technologies, and this approach could be applicable to leafy vegetables with bioactive nutrition to produce a stable industrial supply of high avonoid content.

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Physiological and biochemical responses of green and red perilla to LED‐based light

Nguyen

2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in closed‐type plant production systems to improve biomass and accumulate bioactive compounds in plants. Perilla has been commonly used as herbal medicine because of its health‐promoting effects. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of green and red perilla under various visible‐light spectra. RESULTS Results showed that red (R) LEDs improved fresh weights of shoots and roots, plant height, internode length, node number and leaf area, as well as photosynthetic rate of green and red perilla plants compared to blue (B) LEDs and RB combined LEDs. Meanwhile, B resulted in higher stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and Fv/Fm compared to R. Supplementation of green (G) and far‐red (FR) did not enhance perilla growth. Reduction or absence of B decreased leaf thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, and palisade and spongy mesophyll. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, rosmarinic acid content and caffeic acid content of green perilla were higher under R, R8B2 and RGB + FR, while greater values were obtained in red perilla under R. Accumulation of perillaldehyde, luteolin and apigenin presented different trends from those of rosmarinic and caffeic acids in both cultivars. CONCLUSIONS Growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds in green perilla were greater than in red perilla under similar light quality, and R LEDs or a higher R ratio in combination treatments were suitable for cultivating high‐quality green and red perilla plants in closed‐type plant factories. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Growth and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Perilla as Affected by Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Electrical Conductivity of the Nutrient Solution

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

Drying the leaves of Perilla frutescens increases their content of anticancer nutraceuticals

Drying the leaves of Perilla frutescens increases their content of anticancer nutraceuticals

Flavonoid Productivity Optimized for Green and Red Forms of Perilla frutescens via Environmental Control Technologies in Plant Factory

Physiological and biochemical responses of green and red perilla to LED‐based light

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