Groundwater Storage Changes in China from Satellite Gravity: An Overview

Wang, Feng; Shum, C. K.; Zhong, Min; Pan, Yun

doi:10.3390/rs10050674

Cited by 158 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Also along this profile about 1–2 mm/yr convergence is found across ~400 km distance in the southern part of the North China plain. The data are more scattered in the western part of the North China block than in the eastern part, possibly due to disturbance from hydrological deformation within the North China plain (e.g., Feng et al, ).…”

Section: Geodetic Strain Rates and Regional Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also along this profile about 1-2 mm/yr convergence is found across~400 km distance in the southern part of the North China plain. The data are more scattered in the western part of the North China block than in the eastern part, possibly due to disturbance from hydrological deformation within the North China plain (e.g.,Feng et al, 2018).The D-D′ profile strikes ESE across the NE China block, along which~1 mm/yr dextral shear is found across 200 km distance range spanning the Yilan-Yitong fault. The E-E′ profile strikes ESE from the Alashan block to the North China block, along which the Yinchuan rift zone and the Liupanshan fault experience…”

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confidence: 94%

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Present‐Day Crustal Deformation of Continental China Derived From GPS and Its Tectonic Implications

2020

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We process rigorously GPS data observed during the past 25 years from continental China to derive site secular velocities. Analysis of the velocity solution leads to the following results. (a) The deformation field inside the Tibetan plateau and Tien Shan is predominantly continuous, and large deformation gradients only exist perpendicular to the Indo‐Eurasian relative plate motion and are associated with a few large strike‐slip faults. (b) Lateral extrusions occur on both the east and west sides of the plateau. The westward extrusion peaks at ~6 mm/yr in the Pamir‐Hindu Kush region. A bell‐shaped eastward extrusion involves most of the plateau at a maximum rate of ~20 mm/yr between the Jiali and Ganzi‐Yushu faults, and the pattern is consistent with gravitational flow in southern and southeastern Tibet where the crust shows widespread dilatation at 10–20 nanostrain/yr. (c) The southeast borderland of Tibet rotates clockwise around the eastern Himalaya syntaxis, with sinistral and dextral shear motions along faults at the outer and inner flanks of the rotation terrane. The result suggests gravitational flow accomplished through rotation and translation of smaller subblocks in the upper crust. (d) Outside of the Tibetan plateau and Tien Shan, deformation field is block‐like. However, unnegligible internal deformation on the order of a couple of nanostrain/yr is found for all blocks. The North China block, under a unique tectonic loading environment, deforms and rotates at rates significantly higher than its northern and southern neighboring blocks, attesting its higher seismicity rate and earthquake hazard potential than its neighbors.

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Section: Geodetic Strain Rates and Regional Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 94%

Present‐Day Crustal Deformation of Continental China Derived From GPS and Its Tectonic Implications

2020

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“…Despite progress with satellite-remote sensing, particularly GRACE (Feng et al, 2018;Long et al, 2017;Rodell et al, 2009;Rodell et al, 2018), actions around evidence-based groundwater sustainability is at an early stage. In the case of the IGA aquifer system, the greatest present threat to long-term sustainability is not from over-pumping but from human activities that have led to groundwater salinization and urban/agricultural contamination (MacDonald et al, 2016).…”

Section: Planning For the Worst And Hoping For The Best: Groundwater mentioning

confidence: 99%

HESS Opinions: The Myth of Groundwater Sustainability in Asia

Schwartz¹,

Liu²,

Yu³

2019

Preprint

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Across the arid regions of water-stressed countries of Asia, groundwater production for irrigated agriculture has led to water level declines that continue to worsen. For India, China, Pakistan, Iran and others, it is unrealistic to expect groundwater sustainability in a technical sense to emerge. With business as usual, groundwater-related problems receive 10 insufficient attention, a situation referred to as an "accelerating and invisible groundwater crisis" (Biswas et al., 2017).Another obstacle to sustainability comes from trying to manage something you do not understand. With sustainable management, there are significant burdens in needed technical and socioeconomic knowhow, in collecting necessary data, and in implementing advanced technologies. A pragmatic research agenda for groundwater sustainability should recognize that a common threat to long-term sustainability could occur not just from over-pumping but widespread groundwater 15 contamination. If groundwater sustainability is truly unachievable, then research is needed in facilitating adaption to the worst outcomes (Siegel et al., 2019). In hoping for the best outcomes, it is prudent to plan for the worst.surface water systems Sophocleous, 1997) and a groundwater supply that is impaired because of contamination.By rights, Asia should be far along towards groundwater sustainability. Earlier studies pointed out problems and posited solutions. For example, in 2000, the World Bank formed the Groundwater Management Advisory Team (GW-MATE). Over the next decade, team members worked in Asia and elsewhere on groundwater-related issues and sustainable groundwater 35 use. Their reports identified seriously impacted groundwater systems and provided practical approaches towards sustainability. Few Signs of Progress and Worsening TrendsIn China, India, Pakistan and other hotspots (Figure 1), groundwater continues to be impacted by groundwater depletion and 40 contamination. China's most visible groundwater problem is associated with the over-production of groundwater from aquifers underlying the core of the North China Plain (Figure 2a). Groundwater withdrawals since 1960 have produced excessive drawdowns that began to receive attention about 15 years ago. Water-level declines of > 20 m were evident in the shallow unconfined aquifer and > 40 m in the deep freshwater aquifer (Foster and Garduno, 2004). Estimated reductions in groundwater storage were of the order of -8.8 km 3 yr -1 . By about 2010, drawdowns as high as ~60 m were reported in the 45 unconfined aquifer (Cao et al., 2012) and >80 m in the deep freshwater aquifer (Zheng et al., 2010) (Figure 2a). The aquifers of the North China Plains are essential to wheat production, to maintaining socio-economic contributions associated with the agricultural economy, and in supplying water to cities (e.g., Beijing and Baoding) (Foster and Garduno, 2012). However, continuing water-level declines indicate limited progress towards sustainability. A recent assessment using GRACE (Feng et al., 2018) indicates almost co...

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“…However, continuing water-level declines indicate limited progress to sustainability. A recent assessment using GRACE (Feng et al, 2018) indicates almost constant declines in storage of −7.2 km 3 yr −1 from 2002 to 2015. This result compares to an earlier estimate of −11.3 Gt yr −1 (−11.3 km 3 yr −1 ) (Rodell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%