2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.09.007
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Groundwater quality in some villages of Haryana, India: focus on fluoride and fluorosis

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Cited by 140 publications
(59 citation statements)
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“…The various factors that govern the release of fluoride into the water from fluoride-bearing minerals are the chemical composition of the water, the presence and accessibility of fluoride minerals to water, and the contact time between the source mineral and water. Overall water quality (e.g., pH, alkalinity, hardness, and ionic strength) also plays an important role by influencing mineral solubility, complexation and sorption/exchange reactions (Apambire et al 1997;Meenakshi et al 2004;Raju et al 2009). Hence during the chemical reaction, fluoride can easily replace OH -ions in many rock-forming minerals.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The various factors that govern the release of fluoride into the water from fluoride-bearing minerals are the chemical composition of the water, the presence and accessibility of fluoride minerals to water, and the contact time between the source mineral and water. Overall water quality (e.g., pH, alkalinity, hardness, and ionic strength) also plays an important role by influencing mineral solubility, complexation and sorption/exchange reactions (Apambire et al 1997;Meenakshi et al 2004;Raju et al 2009). Hence during the chemical reaction, fluoride can easily replace OH -ions in many rock-forming minerals.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hardness is measured in terms of total hardness and calcium hardness. Total hardness varies form 200-750 mg/ lit mostly exceeds the maximum permissible limits of WHO [22][23][24][25] . Hardness although has no health effects it can make water unsuitable for domestic and industrial use 1 .…”
Section: Results and Discssionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies already link fluoride to cancer, genetic defects, IQ deficits, thyroid dysfunction, kidney, tooth and bone damage [42; 43; 44]. The minimum and maximum Fluoride concentration in water depends on temperature and geographical region [45] so that it is reduced either by an increase in temperature or in coastal areas. Generally speaking, proper Fluoride concentration in water is estimated between 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L [46].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%