Groundwater occurrence in cold environments: examples from Nunavik, Canada

Lemieux, Jean‐Michel; Fortier, Richard; Talbot-Poulin, Marie-Catherine; Molson, John; Therrien, René; Ouellet, Michel; Banville, David; Cochand, Marion; Murray, Renaud

doi:10.1007/s10040-016-1411-1

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It is now recognized as a hot topic in permafrost studies . As emphasized above, cryohydrogeological modeling is vital for biogeochemical studies of boreal areas, but there are many other potential fields of application of cryohydrogeological models, such as geotechnics, long‐term storage of nuclear waste, water resources in cold regions, thermal transfer around pipelines in cold regions, infrastructure stability and geothermics in cold regions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and energy transfer modeling in a permafrost‐dominated, forested catchment of Central Siberia: The key role of rooting depth

Orgogozo

Прокушкин

Pokrovsky

et al. 2019

Permafrost & Periglacial

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To quantify the impact of evapotranspiration phenomena on active layer dynamics in a permafrost‐dominated forested watershed in Central Siberia, we performed a numerical cryohydrological study of water and energy transfer using a new open source cryohydrogeology simulator, with two innovative features: spatially distributed, mechanistic handling of evapotranspiration and inclusion of a numerical tool in a high‐ performance computing toolbox for numerical simulation of fluid dynamics, OpenFOAM. In this region, the heterogeneity of solar exposure leads to strong contrasts in vegetation cover, which constitutes the main source of variability in hydrological conditions at the landscape scale. The uncalibrated numerical results reproduce reasonably well the measured soil temperature profiles and the dynamics of infiltrated waters revealed by previous biogeochemical studies. The impacts of thermo‐hydrological processes on water fluxes from the soils to the stream are discussed through a comparison between numerical results and field data. The impact of evapotranspiration on water fluxes is studied numerically, and highlights a strong sensitivity to variability in rooting depth and corresponding evapotranspiration at slopes of different aspect in the catchment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and energy transfer modeling in a permafrost‐dominated, forested catchment of Central Siberia: The key role of rooting depth

Orgogozo

Прокушкин

Pokrovsky

et al. 2019

Permafrost & Periglacial

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“…The shrub tundra features lichens, birch and willow shrubs, while the herbaceous tundra is characterized by grass and some willow and heath shrubs [32]. The landscape is dominated by an abundance of lakes and rivers and vast areas of rugged terrain [33].…”

Section: Evaluation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Normalization of C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Terrestrial Applications in High Latitude Environments

2018

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications often require normalization to a common incidence angle. Angular signatures of radar backscatter depend on surface roughness and vegetation cover, and thus differ, from location to location. Comprehensive reference datasets are therefore required in heterogeneous landscapes. Multiple acquisitions from overlapping orbits with sufficient incidence angle range are processed in order to obtain parameters of the location specific normalization function. We propose a simpler method for C-band data, using single scenes only. It requires stable dielectric properties (no variations of liquid water content). This method is therefore applicable for frozen conditions. Winter C-band data have been shown of high value for a number of applications in high latitudes before. In this paper we explore the relationship of incidence angle and Sentinel-1 backscatter across the tundra to boreal transition zone. A linear relationship (coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.64) can be found between backscatter and incidence angle dependence (slope of normalization function) as determined by multiple acquisitions on a pixel by pixel basis for typical land cover classes in these regions. This allows a simplified normalization and thus reduced processing effort for applications over larger areas.

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“…Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems suprapermafrost and subpermafrost groundwater flows (Clark et al, 2001;Deming, 1993;Deming et al, 1992;Kane et al, 2013;Lecher, 2017;Lemieux et al, 2016;Utting et al, 2013;Walvoord & Striegl, 2007). The Mackenzie River year-round flow with temperatures consistently above freezing suggests hydraulic connection between surface waters and a regional subsurface reservoir.…”

Section: 1029/2018gc007623mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Seepage Into Sediments of the Shelf, Shelf Edge, and Continental Slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea

Gwiazda

Paull

Dallimore

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Long‐term warming of the continental shelf of the Canadian Beaufort Sea caused by the transgression associated with the last deglaciation may be causing decomposition of relict offshore subsea permafrost and gas hydrates. To evaluate this possibility, pore waters from 118 sediment cores up to 7.3‐m long were taken on the shelf and slope and analyzed for chloride concentrations and δ180 and δD composition. We observed downcore decreases in pore waters Cl− concentration in sediments from all sites from the inner shelf (<20‐m water depth), from the shelf edge, from the outer slope (down to 1,000‐m water depths), and from localized shelf features such as midshelf pingo‐like features and inner shelf pockmarks. In contrast, pore water freshening is absent from all investigated cores of the Mackenzie Trough. Downcore pore waters Cl− concentration decreases indicate regional widespread freshwater seepage. Extrapolations to zero Cl− of pore water Cl− versus δ180 regression lines indicate that freshwaters in these environments carry different isotope signatures and thus are sourced from different reservoirs. These isotopic signatures indicate that freshening of shelf sediments pore waters is a result of downward infiltration of Mackenzie River water, freshening of shelf edge sediments is due to relict submarine permafrost degradation or gas hydrate decomposition under the shelf, and freshening of slope sediments is consistent with regional groundwater flow and submarine groundwater discharge as far as 150 km from shore. These results confirm ongoing decomposition of offshore permafrost and suggest extensive current groundwater discharge far from the coast.

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Groundwater occurrence in cold environments: examples from Nunavik, Canada

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

Water and energy transfer modeling in a permafrost‐dominated, forested catchment of Central Siberia: The key role of rooting depth

Water and energy transfer modeling in a permafrost‐dominated, forested catchment of Central Siberia: The key role of rooting depth

Simplified Normalization of C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Terrestrial Applications in High Latitude Environments

Freshwater Seepage Into Sediments of the Shelf, Shelf Edge, and Continental Slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea

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