Groundwater monitoring and management: Status and options in Pakistan

Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif; Anwar, Arif A.; Aslam, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2016.12.016

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the case of flow measurement in the IBIS using ultrasonic sensors, the critical parameters are the bed elevation and the rating curve coefficient in Equation 3. We measured these two critical parameters for 17 tertiary canals of a typical canal system in the Punjab province (i.e., the Hakra Branch Canal system, described in detail in [44][45][46]). The measurements included a baseline survey of all the canals (at a cross section near a head regulator) in the year 2014 and four subsequent surveys over the year of 2015.…”

Section: Measurement Of External Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Telemetry in Pakistan’s Indus Basin Irrigation System

Bhatti¹,

Anwar²,

Shah³

2019

Water

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The Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) lacks a system for measuring canal inflows, storages, and outflows that is trusted by all parties, transparent, and accessible. An earlier attempt for telemetering flows in the IBIS did not deliver. There is now renewed interest in revisiting telemetry in Pakistan’s IBIS at both national and provincial scales. These investments are typically approached with an emphasis on hardware procurement contracts. This paper describes the experience from field installations of flow measurement instruments and communication technology to make the case that canal flows can be measured at high frequency and displayed remotely to the stakeholders with minimal loss of data and lag time between measurement and display. The authors advocate rolling out the telemetry system across IBIS as a data as a service (DaaS) contract rather than as a hardware procurement contract. This research addresses a key issue of how such a DaaS contract can assure data quality, which is often a concern with such contracts. The research findings inform future telemetry investment decisions in large-scale irrigation systems, particularly the IBIS.

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Section: Measurement Of External Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Telemetry in Pakistan’s Indus Basin Irrigation System

Bhatti¹,

Anwar²,

Shah³

2019

Water

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“…Groundwater extraction is largest in India exceeding 230 km 3 annually and about 85% of these withdrawals are used for agricultural production [9,22,24]. However, in Pakistan, most of the agriculture production during the kharif season depends on water either from snow and glacier melt or from groundwater resources, whereas, during the rabi season, it mostly depends on groundwater extraction [4,[25][26][27]. Hence, any changes in the monsoon onset or the meltwater cycle can cause serious problems to food production in the region [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Climate Variability on Crop Yields and Irrigation Water Demand in South Asia

Ahmad

Biemans

Moors

et al. 2020

Water

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Accurate (spatio-temporal) estimation of the crop yield relation to climate variables is essential in the densely populated Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins of South Asia for devising appropriate adaptation strategies to ensure regional food and water security. This study examines wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa) crop yields’ sensitivity to primary climate variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and related changes in irrigation water demand at different spatial (i.e., province/state, districts and grid cell) and temporal (i.e., seasonal and crop growth phase) scales. To estimate the climate driven variations in crop yields, observed and modelled data applying the Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land (LPJmL) model are used for six selected study sites in the IGB river basins over the period 1981–2010. Our statistical analysis underscores the importance of impacts assessments at higher spatio-temporal scales. Our grid cell (aggregated over study sites) scale analysis shows that 27–72% variations in wheat and 17–55% in rice crop yields are linked with temperature variations at a significance level of p < 0.001. In the absence of irrigation application, up to 39% variations in wheat and up to 75% variations in rice crop yields are associated with precipitation changes in all study sites. Whereas, observed crop yields show weak correlations with temperature at a coarser resolution, i.e., up to 4% at province and up to 31% at district scales. Crop yields also showed stronger sensitivity to climate variables at higher temporal scale (i.e., vegetative and reproductive phases) having statistically strong negative relationship with temperature and positive with precipitation during the reproductive phase. Similarly, crop phase-specific variations in climate variables have considerable impacts (i.e., quantity and timing) on irrigation water demand. For improved crop water planning, we suggest integrated climate impact assessments at higher spatio-temporal scales which can help to devise appropriate adaptation strategies for sustaining future food demand.

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“…Tube wells are concentrated in the Punjab Province which accounts for 93% of all private tube wells in Pakistan. The ratio of groundwater recharge to discharge is 0.8 and as a result, rapid decline in the water tables has been reported in many parts of the country that's why the water scarcity is the major issue is Pakistan [7,8]. To fulfil the water demand of the rapidly growing population we need to provide the adequate and uniform quantity of water through the designed network of pipes [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Supply Scheme System Design for Peri Urban Areas of Punjab using EPANET

Babar

Khan

et al. 2020

Pakistan Journal of Geology

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AbstractWater is indispensable for human life and without water, life cannot exist on earth. Every person required 33 to 35-gallon water per day for drinking and demotic purpose. But due to lack of quality, inefficient water supply designs, intermixing of sewage water and unlined sewage water system, quality of water is deteriorated specially in recent decades and affecting a number of people. In present study, it was inevitable to design a water supply system for selected area to provide safe water supply design for a small community. For this purpose, a study area was selected named as chak.no. 253 RB, Samundri Road Faisalabad. The existing water supply system of the village was built 30 years ago with the problems of leaky pipes, mixing of sewerage water with drinking water was causing water-borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Giardiasis, Typhoid fever, Schistosomiasis. A computer software abbreviated as EPANET (Environment protection agency network) was used to design a water supply system of the area providing input parameters to the software. For this a profiling survey was conducted to determine the length of pipes and the elevation of each junction. The other input parameters such as the diameter of pipes, pipe network map, head losses were provided. Conclusively, EPANET gave a detailed water supply system plan for specific design period. By adopting this design provided by detailed surveys of the area and EPANET will help to control intermixing of sewage water which ultimately improves the quality of water. The new design is based on technology by using modern techniques (Software). It will provide save and continue supply of water to community. It will also reduce the cost of water billing, leakage, decrease the diseases rate and improve the life standard of people’s lives in that area.

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Groundwater monitoring and management: Status and options in Pakistan

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Revisiting Telemetry in Pakistan’s Indus Basin Irrigation System

Revisiting Telemetry in Pakistan’s Indus Basin Irrigation System

The Impacts of Climate Variability on Crop Yields and Irrigation Water Demand in South Asia

Water Supply Scheme System Design for Peri Urban Areas of Punjab using EPANET

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